The thalamic nuclei investigated included LP, laterodorsal thalamic nucleus (LD), central lateral nucleus (CL), and posterior thalamic nucleus (Po). 
Such nuclei include the central lateral nucleus, paralaminar regions of the median dorsalis, and the posterior-medial aspect of the centromedian/parafascicularis nucleus complex..
During the surgical intervention in ten patients with neurogenic pain, local field potentials were recorded from the posterior part of the central lateral nucleus (CL).
Area PE sends a major projection terminating with small endings to the thalamic lateral posterior nucleus (LP), ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL), medial pulvinar (PuM) and, but fewer, to ventral lateral posterior nucleus, dorsal division (VLpd), central lateral nucleus (CL) and center median nucleus (CM), whereas giant endings formed restricted terminal fields in LP, VPL and PuM.
In cortex immediately caudal to area 1, what we term area 5, thalamocortical connections were also highly convergent and predominantly from nuclei of the thalamus associated with motor, visual, or somatic processing such as VL, the medial pulvinar (PM), and PA, respectively; with moderate projections from VP, central lateral nucleus (CL), lateral posterior nucleus (LP), and VPs.
BDA injection in the lateral part of the lateral parafascicular nucleus and the caudal part of the central lateral nucleus labeled fibers and boutons mainly in the dorsolateral sensorimotor territory of the Str and the middle territories of the GP. BDA injection in the medial part of the lateral parafascicular nucleus and the central lateral nucleus labeled mainly the middle association territory of the Str and the border and the caudomedial territories of the GP.
We examined the occurrence and severity of the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cytoskeletal pathology and beta-amyloidosis in the seven intralaminar nuclei (central lateral nucleus, CL; central medial nucleus, CEM; centromedian nucleus, CM; cucullar nucleus, CU; paracentral nucleus, PC; parafascicular nucleus, PF; subparafascicular nucleus, SPF) in 27 autopsy cases at different stages of the cortical neurofibrillary pathology (cortical NFT/NT-stages I-VI) and beta-amyloidosis (cortical phases 1-4).
After localized injection of BDA into the Mx, labeled CT axons were found ipsilaterally in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), the ventroanterior-ventrolateral complex (VA-VL), the central lateral nucleus (CL), the central medial nucleus, and the centromedian nucleus, but with the primary focus in the VA-VL.
Surprisingly, area 3a receives the majority of its input from thalamic nuclei associated with the motor system, posterior division of the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL), the mediodorsal nucleus (MD), and intralaminar nuclei including the central lateral nucleus (CL) and the centre median nucleus (CM).
The retrograde tracer cholera toxin beta (CTb) was injected into one of the midline thalamic nuclei-paraventricular, intermediodorsal, rhomboid, reuniens, submedius, mediodorsal, paratenial, anteroventral, caudal ventromedial, or parvicellular part of the ventral posteriomedial nucleus-or into one of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei-medial parafascicular, lateral parafascicular, central medial, paracentral, oval paracentral, or central lateral nucleus.
We have examined a cerebello-thalamo-striatal pathway from the lateral cerebellar nucleus (LCN) to the laterodorsal part of the striatum (LDS) through the central lateral nucleus (CL) using light and electron microscopy through the employment of a combination of anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques.
Two other types of activities characterized by random or rhythmic bursts fulfilling the extracellular criteria of low-threshold calcium spike bursts were concentrated in the central lateral nucleus (62.3%) and the paralamellar division of the mediodorsal nucleus (34.1%).
The anterior group of intralaminar nuclei (central lateral nucleus, paracentral nucleus and central medial nucleus) showed intense staining for both calbindin-D28k and calretinin.
There were sparser inputs to the central lateral nucleus of the inferior pulvinar, locations in the lateral and medial pulvinar, and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus.
Doses of 2,5-AM that reliably stimulated food intake induced Fos-li in both the hindbrain and forebrain, including in the NTS, AP, lateral PBN, central lateral nucleus of the amygdala, dorsal lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTdl), anterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, supraoptic nucleus, subfornical organ, and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei.
Following PHAL injection into the MVe, many anterogradely labeled fibers and terminal-like boutons were recognized in the central lateral nucleus of the thalamus. Furthermore, a few fibers projected to the central lateral nucleus.
In the intact animals, the labeled neurons were distributed sparsely in the central lateral nucleus and in the lateral posterior and pulvinar nuclear complex.
The ventral orbital area receives input from the lateral segment of the mediodorsal nucleus, the rostromedial portion of the submedial nucleus, and the central lateral nucleus.
Cells of the central lateral nucleus have a morphology that conforms to the classic descriptions of the bushy cells which represent the main neuronal type of most thalamic nuclei. It is proposed that the central lateral nucleus, which receives a strong innervation from brainstem cholinergic afferents, takes part in a mechanism of attention related to the central initiation of directed patterns of movements..
Recently, we have revealed an inhibitory circuit connecting the deep layers of the superior colliculus (SC) to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), via the central lateral nucleus in the thalamus (CL) and thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN).
Projections from the central lateral nucleus display detectable somatotopic and retinotopic organization: Individual regions are preferentially connected with specific representations of S1 or V1.
SC cells antidromically activated from the contralateral predorsal bundle (PDB) could also be activated by stimulation of the contralateral SC and ipsilateral central lateral nucleus of the thalamus (CL).
These collaterals arborized exclusively in Pom or in the central lateral nucleus.
In 17 cases, penetrations were made throughout the intralaminar nuclei contralaterally, including the central lateral nucleus (CL).
Colocalization of bursting activities and of the most efficient therapeutic lesions in the central lateral nucleus suggests a key role of this structure in neurogenic pain.
Following tritiated amino acid injections into the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and WGA-HRP injections into the contralateral cerebellar nuclei, we found that the nigrothalamic and cerebellothalamic afferents distribute to three main targets: the central portion of the ventral anterior nucleus (VA) and the ventral lateral nucleus (VL), the internal medullary lamina (IML) region, which includes the paralaminar VA, the mediodorsal nucleus (MD) and the central lateral nucleus (CL), and finally the ventromedial nucleus (VM).
Thus, the medio-caudal subdivision projects to the pontine nuclei, the prerubral field and the central lateral nucleus.
Conditioning stimulus was given to different regions of the thalamic central lateral nucleus (CL).
Alerting stimuli, such as intense tones, presented to cats in wakefulness (W) elicit the orienting response (OR) and/or the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) in conjunction with elicited ponto-geniculo-occipital waves (PGOE) from the lateral geniculate body (LGB) and elicited waves from the thalamic central lateral nucleus (CLE).
More caudally, as the ventral lateral thalamic compartment emerges, label was also observed within the internal medullary lamina region, including the paralaminar portion of VA, the central lateral nucleus (CL), and the paralaminar portion of MD.
In addition to the pulvinar nucleus, Pbg projections were found to terminate in layers 4 and 5 of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and the central lateral nucleus.
The habituation rate for each was examined to test the hypothesis that OR, ASR, and PGO waves have related underlying neural mechanisms and determine the similarity in responsiveness between elicited PGO waves (PGOE) and elicited waves in the thalamic central lateral nucleus (CLE), a site that yields MLR.
SP innervation of somatosensory-related nuclei is also evident in central lateral nucleus, posterior complex (PO), and in ventroposterolateral (VPL) nucleus of both cats and rats.
An intermediate-velocity STT fiber (conduction velocity 38 m/s) had a 4.3-microns axon and a single large terminal field in the central lateral nucleus (CL).
Reconstruction of electrode trajectories indicated that recordings were made from the region corresponding to the lateral aspect of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, the central lateral nucleus, a small part of the central median nucleus, and the parafascicular nucleus.
Clusters of densely packed bouton-like immunoreactive elements were detected in the former structures in the rat, cat and monkey, and were especially evident in the central lateral nucleus; immunopositive varicose fibers and puncta were diffusely distributed in the posterior intralaminar structures.
They were identified by antidromic stimulation of the parafascicular nucleus and central lateral nucleus.
Responses of cells in the midsuprasylvian gyrus (MSSG) of cats were investigated following electrical stimulation of the central lateral nucleus (CL) of the thalamus and tooth pulp, low-threshold cutaneous or visual afferents.
A previous field potential study has indicated a monosynaptic projection of fibres from the central lateral nucleus (CL) to the mid-suprasylvian gyrus (MSSG).
After injections into the central lateral nucleus, label is present on the lateral side within the presylvian sulcus, in most of the suprasylvian gyrus, including the adjacent lateral and suprasylvian sulci, and in the posterior corner of the ectosylvian gyrus.
In these animals, label was located mainly in suprageniculate and pulvinar oralis, caudal and oral divisions of ventral posterior lateral nucleus, the lateral half of ventral posterior inferior nucleus, and zona incerta, while in the medial thalamus label was primarily in two distinct bands in medial dorsal nucleus and in the posterior dorsal portion of central lateral nucleus.
Of these, 13 were located in the ventrobasal complex (VB), 17 were located in the central lateral nucleus and the parafascicular nucleus of the intralaminar nuclei (ILN).
Following injections of one tracer into the central lateral nucleus of the thalamus (CL) and the other into the dorsal accessory olivary nucleus (DAO), distributions of labeled neurons in the PTA were observed.
This population consisted of cell clusters in the dorsal part of the central lateral nucleus and in the lateral part of the ventral medial nucleus; scattered cells were also observed throughout other nuclei.
Stimulation with low current intensity in central lateral nucleus (CL), evoked potentials in large areas of the rat isocortex.
Projections to visual cortex from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and lateral-posterior/pulvinar complex exist by E46, and those from the contralateral hemisphere, claustrum, putamen, and central lateral nucleus of the thalamus are present by E54-E56.
In adult rats, neurons displaying histochemical staining for 'non-specific' cholinesterase (ChE) are found 3 distinct regions of the dorsal thalamus: the thalamic reuniens nucleus (Re), the anterior dorsal nucleus (AD), and a region that includes the lateral part of the central lateral nucleus (CL) and the ventral portion of the lateral dorsal nucleus (LD).
Selective agonists for mu- and kappa-opioid receptor types were infused, bilaterally, into the intralaminar central lateral nucleus of the rat.
The recurrent inhibitory interneurones could also be excited by stimulation of the central lateral nucleus (CL) with a very short latency (0.57 +/- 0.15 ms), suggesting a monosynaptic connection between the central lateral nucleus and the reticular recurrent interneurones.
The fine structure of labelled spinothalamic terminals in the central lateral nucleus has been studied in the rat following injection of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase into the spinal cord.
In addition to the presence of ChE that is ubiquitous in capillary endothelium, neurons that contain ChE are found in 3 distinct regions of the dorsal thalamus, the thalamic reuniens nucleus (Re), the anterior dorsal nucleus (AD) and a region that includes the lateral part of the central lateral nucleus (CL) and the ventral portion of the lateral dorsal nucleus (LD).
Larger injections, which included the representations of more body parts, led to heavy label in VPI, with scattered label in VPLc, the central lateral nucleus (CL), and the posterior nucleus (Po).
The distributions of retrograde labelling of cells were analyzed in the vestibular nuclear complex by injecting WGA-HRP into the thalamus centered in the central lateral nucleus (CL), ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL), and rostral part of the dorsal medial geniculate nucleus (rMGd).
Second, a cluster of neurons staining intensely for ChE was found in a region that included the lateral part of the central lateral nucleus and extended laterally into the ventral-lateral part of the lateral dorsal nucleus.
A projection was found from one of the intralaminar nuclei, the central lateral nucleus (CL) to the midsuprasylvian gyrus, mainly areas 5 and 7.
When 60 days old, they were anesthetized and received 0.1-microliter thalamic injections of wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA:HRP) in the area of the central lateral nucleus (CL), the posterior group (PO), and the ventrobasal complex (VB), or the area of CL or VB.
A prominent projection to area 5a arises from the posterior (Po) and ventral lateral (VL) complexes; less substantial projections originate in the ventral anterior nucleus (VA), the lateral intermediate complex (LI), and the central lateral nucleus (CL).
The percentage of retrogradely labeled neurons in the shell zone surrounding the border of the ventrolateral nucleus and the ventrobasal complex (VB) was greater following postcruciate than precruciate injections, whereas fewer retrogradely labeled neurons were found in central lateral nucleus (CL) after postcruciate injections than after precruciate injections.
Each of the deep cerebellar nuclei also projects to the central lateral nucleus of the intralaminar complex.
In cases with injections placed in the lateral part of area 4, dense accumulations of label were present in the lateral part of the ventral anterior nucleus (VA), the central part of the ventral lateral nucleus (VL), the ventral half of the ventral posterior inferior nucleus (VPI), the caudal part of the central lateral nucleus (CL), and the centrum medianum (CM).
All injection of MI produced cell labeling in the paracentral nucleus (PC) and the central lateral nucleus (CL) of the intralaminar group.
In addition, the ASs-MSs area receives fibers from the central lateral nucleus (CL).
The pretectal and tectal projections to the thalamic intralaminar nuclei in the cat were studied following horseradish peroxidase injections centered in the central lateral nucleus.
Areas PLLS and ALLS were both found to project retinotopically upon the interjacent zone of the lateral posterior complex, as well as to the intermediate and suprageniculate divisions of the posterior nuclear group, the magnocellular division of the medial geniculate complex, the thalamic reticular complex, and central lateral nucleus.
All parts of the SSM cortex, which occupies the anterior four-fifths of parietal cortex, receive input from the ventrobasal complex (VB), the ventrolateral complex (VL), the central intralaminar nucleus (CIN), the central lateral nucleus (CL), and the ventromedial nucleus (VM).
Rather there are longitudinally oriented strips of terminal labeling which extend through all divisions of the ventral lateral nucleus, i.e., the VLps, the VLc, the VLo, as well as nucleus X, the oral division of the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPLo), the central lateral nucleus (CL), and the most caudal region of the ventral anterior nucleus (VA).
In the medial thalamic region, axonal degeneration is located in the central lateral nucleus (CL) and in the densocellular and the multiform portions of the dorsomedial nucleus. Preterminals are also found in a group of cells designated as the caudal part of the central lateral nucleus (CLC)..
This tracer and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can both be demonstrated histochemically in same cell bodies of intralaminar thalamic neurons in the central lateral nucleus, after injection of iron-dextran in the striatum and injection of HRP in the motor cortex.
Orthograde autoradiographic and retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing techniques were used to demonstrate the existence of a direct projection from the central lateral nucleus of the intralaminar complex of the thalamus to the primary visual cortex of the cat.
Retrograde transport studies also indicate cortically projecting cells in the central lateral nucleus.
Afferents to electrophysiologically identified association response areas originate in the lateroposterior nucleus, ventroanterior nucleus, the pulvinar, the laterodorsal nucleus, and the central lateral nucleus.
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