Viral infection of brain nuclei (dorsal vagal nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, caudal raphe nuclei, A5 cell group, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus) from the left adrenal was more severe than that from the right organ. 
In addition, nine animals which were ELISA-positive at the level of the obex exhibited positive immunoreactivity, but not in the dorsal vagal nucleus.
Pancreatic secretion is regulated by the dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN) which is modulated by several neurotransmitters and diverse synaptic inputs.
Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings from neurons within the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) and the dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN), histamine (20 microM) depolarized a small proportion of neurons in these regions accompanied by a decrease in input resistance.
Electrophysiological studies reported here highlight a functional role for this channel protein within neurons of the dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN).
The number of vagal neurones, identified by labelling with the fluorescent tracer DiI applied to the heart, was essentially similar in the three areas of the medulla analysed (dorsal vagal nucleus, nucleus ambiguus and intermediate reticular zone) in young SHR and young or adult WKY rats. This difference was due to highly significant reductions in vagal neurones in the dorsal vagal nucleus and nucleus ambiguus on the right side of the medulla.
Cardiac vagal preganglionic neurones (CVPNs) show respiratory modulation in the nucleus ambiguus but not in the dorsal vagal nucleus. Another brainstem area that has been identified as containing CVPNs is the intermediate zone between the dorsal vagal nucleus and nucleus ambiguus. These seven CVPNs [ either showing spontaneous activity (n = 1) or having activity induced by dl-homocysteic acid applied ionophoretically (n = 3)] were neither respiratory modulated nor did they receive a baroreceptor input, thus being similar to those found in the dorsal vagal nucleus. In conclusion, CVPNs located in the intermediate zone have similar properties to those in the dorsal vagal nucleus but not the nucleus ambiguus..
Neuronal cell loss in the dorsal vagal nucleus and the sympathetic ganglia was not detectable in any of the ILBD patients examined. These findings suggest that degeneration of the cardiac sympathetic nerve begins in the early disease process of PD and that it occurs before neuronal cell loss in the dorsal vagal nucleus..
RESULTS: Viral infection of brain nuclei (dorsal vagal nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, caudal raphe nuclei, A5 cell group, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus) from the left adrenal was more severe than that from the right organ.
Viral infection of brain nuclei including the dorsal vagal nucleus, caudal raphe nuclei, A5 noradrenergic cell group, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, from the left ovary in each case was enhanced when compared with labeling from the right gonad.
By 13 weeks, the dorsal vagal nucleus emerges as a distinct structure with at least two subnuclei visible in Nissl stained preparations.
Neuropil vacuolation was apparent in the rostral colliculus in 64 per cent of the brains examined and neuronal vacuolation was present in the dorsal vagal nucleus in 15.4 per cent of the brains. Age-related changes were also observed, including spheroids in the funicular nucleus of 24.5 per cent of the pigs, deposits of lipofuscin in the trigeminal neurons of 13.75 per cent, and mineral deposits in the walls of vessels in the dorsal vagal nucleus of 0.6 per cent.
The dorsal vagal nucleus (DMV) innervates enteric neurons, whereas the ventrolateral nucleus ambiguus (NAmb) innervates the heart. CONCLUSIONS: There is comparable involvement of the dorsal vagal nucleus (DMV) in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and different stages of Lewy body disorders (LBDs).
Ad-AT1a-shRNA was injected into the lateral ventricle (intracerebroventricular) or the brain stem nucleus tractus solitaries/dorsal vagal nucleus (NTS/DVN) with measurement of water intake, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) for up to 20 days after injection.
Lewy bodies were present in areas of the brainstem such as the substantia nigra, locus ceruleus, solitary nucleus, raphe nucleus and dorsal vagal nucleus and in the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord, sympathetic ganglia, parahippocampal gyrus and cerebral cortex.
Cardiac vagal preganglionic neurones (CVPNs) are located within the dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN) and the nucleus ambiguus (nA).
Intracellular dialysis of an anti-Kv3.1b antibody mimicked and occluded the effects of TEA and 4-AP in NTS and dorsal column nuclei neurones, but not in dorsal vagal nucleus or cerebellar Purkinje cells (which express other Kv3 subunits, but not Kv3.1b).
Histological examination disclosed neuronal loss with astrocytosis and the appearance of the Lewy bodies in the nucleus basalis of Meynert, substantia nigra, locus ceruleus, and dorsal vagal nucleus.
Kv3.4 subunit immunoreactivity (Kv3.4-IR) was widespread, with dense, punctate staining in many regions including the intermediolateral cell column (IML) and the dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN), nucleus ambiguus (NA) and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS).
Two small conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels (SK channels), SK2 and SK3, have been shown to contribute to the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) and to shape the firing behavior in neurons for example in the hippocampal formation, the dorsal vagal nucleus, the subthalamic nucleus, and the cerebellum.
In nucleus tractus solitarii-dorsal vagal nucleus slices prepared from young adult rats (180-260 g) 10(-3) M L-glutamate and 10(-5) M baclofen caused a 2-3-fold increase of field stimulation-induced [ 3H]-norepinephrine release without affecting the resting release.
Already at 14.5 weeks, CA neurons were observed in two longitudinally oriented cell clusters, one located ventrolaterally in the area of the lateral reticular and ambiguous nuclei, the other one dorsomedially forming 4 groups related to the dorsal vagal nucleus, the commissural nucleus of the vagus, the nucleus of the tractus solitarius and the area postrema.
Both tracers labelled populations of neurones lying in the dorsal vagal nucleus, intermediate reticular formation and nucleus ambiguus, and when both tracers were applied simultaneously, approximately 50% of cells were dual-labelled.
We loaded acute rat brain stem slices with propidium iodide for dynamic fluorometric recording of metabolic arrest-related cell death in the dorsal vagal nucleus.
These include parts of the cerebral cortex, the hypothalamus, the periaquaductal grey, nuclei in and around the pontine micturition centre, the dorsal vagal nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract, and the medullary reticular formation.
Abundant Lewy bodies were observed in the amygdala (seven cases) and hippocampus (seven cases), and, to a lesser degree, in the substantia nigra (six cases) and dorsal vagal nucleus (five cases).
Semiquantitative analysis showed that neuronal loss in the locus coeruleus and the dorsal vagal nucleus was more severe in patients with LBs than in patients without LBs.
Histological examination of the four patients showed neuronal loss with astrocytosis and the appearance of Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra, locus ceruleus, and dorsal vagal nucleus.
The inclusions were found not only in the regions showing neuronal loss and gliosis, such as the substantia nigra, locus ceruleus and dorsal vagal nucleus, but also in regions without neuronal loss and gliosis, such as the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, striatum, globus pallidus, thalamus, cerebellum and spinal cord.
The present investigation showed that microinjection of substance P (SP) into dorsal vagal nucleus inhibited gastric myoelectric fast wave and gastric motility. The results indicate that both exogenous and endogenous SP of dorsal vagal nucleus decrease the gastric myoelectric fast wave and motility, which is mediated by vagus nerve..
Edinger-Westphal nucleus, locus ceruleus, and dorsal vagal nucleus.
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurones are located in the dorsal vagal nucleus and nucleus ambiguus, which also contains upper airway motoneurones.
The immunoreactivity of neurons and neuronal processes for TH was altered in the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray matter, locus ceruleus, and dorsal vagal nucleus in the patients.
We investigated the activation of K(ATP) currents in astrocytes of different brain regions (hippocampus, cerebellum, dorsal vagal nucleus) by recording whole-cell currents with the patch-clamp technique in acute rat brain slices.
Using immunohistochemistry we observed dense networks of P2X(2) receptor immunoreactive labelled fibres and terminals in the dorsal vagal complex and area postrema, as well as labelled cell bodies in the dorsal vagal nucleus and the area postrema. The P2X(2) receptor was localized to vagal preganglionic neurons in the dorsal vagal nucleus that were identified by prior intraperitoneal injections of the retrograde tracer FluoroGold.
Similar alpha-synuclein positive lesions were observed, although to a lesser extent, in the entorhinal cortex and the dorsal vagal nucleus.
Neuropathological study disclosed neuronal loss and gliosis with Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra, locus coeruleus and dorsal vagal nucleus.
Strongly immunoreactive neurons were present in the oculomotor nucleus and ruber nucleus in the midbrain, the facial nucleus in the pons, the dorsal vagal nucleus and hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla oblongata and in the anterior horn as well as intermediolateral zone of the spinal cord.
Fifteen of 84 neurones tested were arterial baroreceptive, 7 of 8 were morphologically identified as located in the solitary tract nucleus (NTS), and 1 of 8 was located in the dorsal vagal nucleus.
Descending hypothalamic efferents carry feedback signals to viscerosensory and brainstem catecholaminergic neurons and regulatory inputs to parasympathetic (dorsal vagal nucleus) and sympathetic (thoracolumbar intermediolateral cell column) preganglionic neurons.
The most striking change was found in the dorsal vagal nucleus, where marked neuronal loss and fibrillary gliosis with many LBs were evident.
Occasionally, a few labeled cells were seen within the rostral part of the dorsal vagal nucleus.
d) Involvement of extranigral structures in PD includes the mesocortical dopaminergic system, the noradrenergic locus coeruleus, dorsal vagal nucleus and medullary nuclei, serotonergic dorsal raphe, nucleus basalis of Meynert and other cholinergic brainstem nuclei, e.g.
The LBs are present in the amygdala, nucleus basalis of Meynert, hypothalamic nuclei, substantia nigra, nucleus paranigralis, locus caeruleus, dorsal vagal nucleus and reticular nuclei.
Upon anoxia, a stable depolarization by less than 10 mV was observed in non-excitable cells in the dorsal vagal nucleus.
By use of tyramide-biotin amplification, a dense fiber plexus of vagal afferents was visualized centrally in the nucleus of the solitary tract and in retrogradely labeled neurons in the dorsal vagal nucleus.
Using nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and glutamate receptor subunit 1 (GluR1) immunohistochemistry, the present study demonstrated changes in the expression of NOS and GluR1 in the hypoglossal (HN) and dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN) after neurectomy.
In 8 of the 10 ENSD victims, the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes was greater in both the dorsal vagal nucleus and the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata than in controls.
However, other neuronal populations were also involved to varying degrees, such as the thalamus, vestibular nucleus, dorsal vagal nucleus, corticospinal tracts, and anterior horn cells.
In contrast, specific [ 125I]human pancreatic polypeptide binding sites were detected in this hypothalamic nucleus as well as the medial preoptic area, interpeduncular nucleus, nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema and dorsal vagal nucleus while cortical areas and the hippocampus contained negligible levels of labeling.
A quantitative analysis of cells demonstrating immunoreactivity to GFAP and substance P in 15 neonatal SIDS cases revealed increased GFAP immunoreactivity in the reticular formation, the dorsal vagal nucleus, and the solitary nucleus and an increase in substance P immunoreactivity in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and the solitary nucleus as compared with that in age-matched controls.
In the dorsal vagal nucleus (DVNX), membrane potentials (Em) of neurons (DVNs) and glia, as well as extracellular oxygen, K+ and pH (Po2, aKo, pHo), were analysed during metabolic disturbances.
Extracellular recording were made from 141 vagal preganglionic neurones in the dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN).
Effects of lesion of bilateral hypothalamus (LH), substantia nigra and dorsal vagal nucleus as well as their efferent pathway on the inhibition of gastric myoelectric fast wave and gastric motility due to injection of substance P (SP) to caudate nucleus were studied in rats. The experimental results showed that this induced inhibition was independent of the presence of intact LH but abolished by lesioning substantia nigra, dorsal vagal nucleus or vagus nerve. Thus, it appears that the gastric inhibitory effect of caudate nucleus SP is mediated via substantia nigra and dorsal vagal nucleus to vagus nerve..
Intracellular current-clamp recordings were performed using in vitro brainstem slice preparations to compare the actions of substance P, neurokinin A, neurokinin B and their agonists on rat dorsal vagal nucleus neurons with or without antagonists of neurokinin 1 and 2 receptors.
Two main sites were labeled: the rostralmost part of the dorsal vagal nucleus and the rostral nucleus ambiguus (NA).
Comparison of the normal developing vagus nerve with nerves examined in SIDS patients suggests alterations in the nucleus tractus solitarius and dorsal vagal nucleus as well as in the peripheral vagus nerve.
In order to precisely describe those differences in humans we performed a morphological and morphometric study on the dorsal vagal nucleus of the medulla oblongata, on Ammon's horn and on neocortex from midgestation to the 18th postnatal month.
Extracellular recordings were made from 176 preganglionic neurones in the dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN).
At this location medullovagal neurons were found within the dorsal vagal nucleus, whereas medullohypothalamic neurons were largely confined to the caudal aspect of the solitary nucleus.
Sixty minutes after vasopressin infusion, the central amygdala, locus coeruleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract and the dorsal vagal nucleus expressed increased levels of c-fos, and there were significant two-way interactions between stress and infusion for dorsal paraventricular nucleus, locus coeruleus and dorsal vagal nucleus.
Three days after administration of HRP (to allow time for retrograde axonal transport and labeling of cells of the dorsal vagal nucleus with HRP), necropsy was performed. A reduced number of HRP-stained cells in the dorsal vagal nucleus indicated permanent denervation of vagal-gastric connections by operative and laser techniques..
The numbers of neurons were counted in five selected neuroanatomical nuclei, namely the vestibular complex and red nucleus, both of which consistently show a high degree of neuronal perikaryonal vacuolation, the dorsal vagal nucleus, which shows inconsistent perikaryonal vacuolation, and the caudate and hypoglossal nuclei, which do not usually show vacuolation.
Stereological, histochemical, and electron microscopic approaches were applied to study the cellular and synaptic structure of the rat dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN).
Using the stereological, histochemical and electron microscopic approaches the cellular and synaptic structure of the rat dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN) were studied.
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons of the dorsal vagal nucleus were retrogradely labeled with PRV.
We analyzed two other medullary nuclei, the dorsal vagal nucleus and the hypoglossal nucleus, in eight PD patients and six normal controls by counting neurons in serial Nissl stained sections to determine the relationship between age at death and cell loss in these nuclei. PD-related neurodegenerative changes (Lewy bodies and neuronal loss) were present only in the dorsal vagal nucleus (13,637 +/- 1,323 neurons in PD, 24,885 +/- 1,157 in normal controls). No age-related cell loss was present in the dorsal vagal nucleus of normal brains, or in the hypoglossal nucleus in either PD or normal brains.
Lewy bodies were seen in those pigmented nuclei, dorsal vagal nucleus, hypothalamus and nucleus basalis of Meynert.
No axo-axonic synapses were observed in the dorsal vagal nucleus. These results support the hypothesis that SP found in the dorsal vagal nucleus originates partly from vagal afferents and is involved in direct modulation of visceral functions mediated by vagal preganglionic neurons..
Retrogradely labeled cells were observed in the ambiguous complex, especially rostrally, and in the rostral dorsal vagal nucleus after application of HRP and WGA-HRP to either the glossopharyngeal or superior laryngeal nerves.
Large neurons of the dorsal vagal nucleus and sympathetic ganglia often contain particularly large quantities of Lewy-body-like matter.
Various numbers of NFTs were seen in the olfactory bulb, thalamus, medial geniculate body, innominate substance, putamen, caudate, pallidum, central gray, reticular formation, certain midline nuclei of the brainstem, substantia nigra, red nucleus and dorsal vagal nucleus.
Lewy bodies were also found in the locus ceruleus and the dorsal vagal nucleus, but few in the cerebral cortical neurons.
The neurons of origin occupied the caudal four-fifths of the dorsal vagal nucleus extending from about 1.0 mm rostral to the obex as far caudally as the second cervical spinal segment, with their number being about half the total number of neurons of the nucleus. Axons of the few neurons located more caudally than about 1.0 mm caudal to the obex emerged from the upper cervical spinal cord to run along the trunk of the spinal accessory root before finally joining the internal ramus; caudal to the midlevel of the first cervical segment, the dorsal vagal nucleus and the nucleus retroambigualis contained neurons whose axons followed only that course..
The Ce can alter autonomic activity through its direct projection to the dorsal vagal complex [ i.e., nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS) and the dorsal vagal nucleus]. Terminal boutons were also observed within the ventral part of the lateral nTS, the dorsal vagal nucleus and contralateral medial nTS. At and just rostral to the obex, numerous axonal boutons were seen within the medial and commissural parts of the nTS and adjacent parts of the dorsal vagal nucleus. Caudal to the obex, PHA-L immunoreactive boutons were concentrated bilaterally within the medial and commissural nTS and dorsal vagal nucleus. Very few PHA-L immunoreactive terminals were observed within the ventral part of the lateral nTS, dorsal vagal nucleus and contralateral medial nTS. The results demonstrate that the medial Ce projects bilaterally to the medial and commissural subnuclei of the nTS and the dorsal vagal nucleus.
All patients showed Lewy bodies and cell loss in the substantia nigra, locus coeruleus and dorsal vagal nucleus, as in Parkinson's disease.
This depressor response could be inhibited by naltrexone, 2 mg/kg i.v., by an antiserum against beta-endorphin, 100 nl injected directly into the ipsilateral nucleus tractus solitarii, or by deafferentation of the dorsal vagal complex (nucleus tractus solitarii and dorsal vagal nucleus) by an ipsilateral, dorsolateral knife-cut of the medulla oblongata.
Unilateral microinjection of RX 77368 (10-100 ng in 50-nl volume) into the dorsal vagal complex (DVC), the dorsal vagal nucleus and nucleus tractus solitarius, induced a significant dose-dependent stimulation of gastric acid secretion.
There also was evidence of sparse mediolaterally-oriented densities of immunoreactivity at the junction of XII and the dorsal vagal nucleus and between dorsal and ventral districts of XII.
Extracellular recordings of 142 units were made in the dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN) and the nucleus ambiguus (NA), identified by antidromic response to stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve.
The nucleus ambiguus was found dorsal to the XII nucleus and lateral to the dorsal vagal nucleus. The term "dorsal visceromotor column" designates the extended dorsal vagal nucleus.
Further caudally a lateral fiber stream (mainly derived from the lateral parts of the anterior hypothalamic area) distributed fibers to the parabrachial nuclei, nucleus subcoeruleus, locus coeruleus, the micturition-coordinating region, the caudal brainstem lateral tegmentum, and the solitary and dorsal vagal nucleus.
Extracellular neuronal activity was recorded in the ipsilateral nucleus tractus solitarius and dorsal vagal nucleus whilst stimulating the ipsilateral central nucleus of the amygdala, the aortic and vagus nerves. The activity of 42 vagal preganglionic neurones was recorded in the dorsal vagal nucleus of which 22 had properties typical of cardioinhibitory neurones. We conclude that neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius and dorsal vagal nucleus can be influenced by descending inputs arising from the central nucleus of the amygdala.
Extracellular recordings were made from single neurons in the region of the dorsal vagal nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract in the medulla.
The nucleus of the solitary tract and the dorsal vagal nucleus are richly innervated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-containing fibers arising from the caudal raphe nuclei. Cells in regions other than the raphe (hypothalamus or other rostral areas, ventrolateral medulla, cranial nerves) must contribute little to the TRH innervation of the nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal vagal nucleus, since various knife-cuts transecting all above possible connections did not alter the TRH innervation pattern or TRH concentrations of these vagal nuclei..
Dendritic spines increased prenatally and decreased postnatally in the medullary respiratory centers (i.e., dorsal vagal nucleus, nucleus tractus solitarii and reticular formation).
Furthermore many labeled fibers were present in the solitary nucleus, and in especially the peripheral parts of the dorsal vagal nucleus.
Recordings were made from single neurons in the region of the dorsal vagal nucleus and the nucleus tractus solitarius during constant single-pass perfusion of the duodenum with isotonic saline or D-glucose at 37 degrees C.
Main stations in the A-B-C (Allocortex-Brainstem-Core) periventricular axis include the substantia gelatinosa, nucleus (n.) tractus solitarii-dorsal vagal nucleus-area postrema complex, locus ceruleus, n.
Vagal preganglionic motoneurons originating in nucleus ambiguus (NA) and dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN) were identified via retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP).
Extracellular unitary recordings were made from neurons in the rat dorsal vagal nucleus, and the response of these neurons to iontophoretically applied cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP) and proglumide (a novel CCK antagonist) was studied.
The effects of gastric distension on single-unit activity recorded from the dorsal vagal nucleus in the rat medulla have been studied using microelectrodes in anesthetized animals.
Except for sparse labeling found in the caudal part of the dorsal vagal nucleus of a few animals, no labeled cells were found outside of n.
Histological examination showed that these neurones were located in both the dorsal vagal nucleus and the nucleus ambiguus..
HRP labelled somata were observed ipsi- and contralaterally into the lateral habenulae (HL), superior collicoli (CS), reticular formations (RF), dorsal and medial raphe nuclei (DR and MR), only contralaterally into bulbar dorsal vagal nucleus (NDV) Fig.
a "control region" including the nucleus ambiguous and a "dorsal region" approximately corresponding to the dorsal vagal nucleus and the solitarius complex.
This report describes the distribution of glutamate, GABA and aspartate in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), area postrema, dorsal vagal nucleus and hypoglossal nucleus. The ipsilateral dorsal vagal nucleus showed a 48% decrease in glutamate and a 30% decrease in GABA after axotomy..
Histochemical studies on the distribution of TPPase and G6PD in the neurons of locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN) of rats have been conducted by using the TPPase method, the G6PD method, karyometry, and statistics under normal conditions.
Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique, substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) was localized in the dorsal vagal nucleus as punctate varicosities in non-treated cats. In animals treated with colchicine 48 h prior to sacrifice, SPLI varicosities as well as significant numbers of cell bodies found throughout the entire extent of the dorsal vagal nucleus. Results of this study not only confirm the presence of SPLI in the dorsal vagal nucleus but also suggest a possible additional source of SPLI which has been reported to be present in the vagus nerve..
The ultrastructural changes in the presynaptic nerve terminals in the dorsal vagal nucleus were studied in rats with bilateral electrolytic lesions placed in the dorso-medio-caudal hypothalamic area in the sagittal plane of the dorsomedial nuclei, just behind these nuclei in the P3,5--P3,7 interval. On days 3, 4 and 5 following placement of the hypothalamic lesions, degeneration of some of the presynaptic profiles in the dorsal vagal nucleus was found in the experimental animals. The data obtained provide evidence for the existence of descending hypothalamic axons terminating in the medulla oblongata on the neurons of the dorsal vagal nucleus.
Chromatolytic changes occurred in the ipsilateral dorsal vagal nucleus and the capsulated ganglion at the entry of the nerve into the muscle.
These two labelling techniques have made it possible to determine two categories of structures connected with A.P.: those with afferent connections (Nucleus ambiguus), or efferent connections (mesencephalic nucleus of V, Locus coeruleus, griseum centrale and inferior and superior colliculi) and those having both types of connections (Nucleus tractus solitarii (N.F.S.), dorsal vagal nucleus, nucleus intercalatus, hypoglossal nucleus).
Projections to nucleus tractus solitarius (NFS), dorsal vagal nucleus, nucleus intercalatus, nucleus praepositus hypoglossi, nucleus hypoglossal, the mesencephalic nucleus of V nerve, locus coeruleus and superior and inferior colliculi are shown bilaterally.
Changes in the heart rate were studied during stimulation of the effector nuclei of the vagus nerves--the dorsal vagal nucleus and the nucleus ambiguus--in anesthetized and unanesthetized cats.
One hundred and forty-four gastric units were recorded from the dorsal vagal nucleus and up to 1 mm dorsal and lateral to the nucleus between transverse planes 1 mm caudal, and 4 mm rostral, to the obex. They were located in the dorsal vagal nucleus and up to 0.5 mm dorsal and lateral to the nucleus.
The dorsal vagal nucleus has been electrically stimulated in thirty decerebrate sheep, and the effect on the mechanical responses of the different parts of the reticulo-rumen have been determined.3. In the absence of recurrent rhythmic gastric contractions, punctate electrical stimulation of the dorsal vagal nucleus did not elicit gastric contraction until the intensity of stimulation was sufficiently high to excite efferent vagal fibres.4. These inhibitory points lay on a line commencing at the mid-point of the dorsal vagal nucleus, and extending forward and ventral to this.6. The presence of a powerful inhibitory influence on the dorsal vagal nucleus, mediated from an area lying anterior to the nucleus, is argued and its probable action at the level of the gastric motor nucleus is discussed..
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