inferior parietal lobule, r = 0.512; medial temporal gyrus, r = 0.478; inferior temporal gyrus, r = 0.488; precuneus, r = 0.468; PCA: r = 0.639, F = 7.751; all P < 0.001). 
The only statistically significant volume difference between groups was observed multivariately in the white matter of the right temporal lobe (superior temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, white-matter stem, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus), although small sample sizes limit the power to detect between-group differences.
Resection of part of the inferior temporal gyrus provided a corridor to the mesial temporal lobe. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the trephine craniotomy with the inferior temporal gyrus approach has the advantage of minimal invasiveness, including brief operative times and postoperative stays, and also effectively reduces or eradicates medically intractable seizures..
Common to both disease groups were reductions in the bilateral perisylvian regions, the opercular region, the insula, prefrontal cortex, left inferior temporal gyrus, limbic system including hippocampus and amygdala, and the thalami.
Post hoc comparisons demonstrated greater rates of atrophy for converters vs nonconverters for six ROIs: hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, temporal pole, middle temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus.
The activated cortex in the control group focused on the frontal pole (including inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus and orbital-frontal gyrus) and temporal pole (including inferior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus).
As the tilt experiment showed changes in the left inferior temporal gyrus in supine and tilted positions we conclude that the observed changes under weightlessness are not explainable by hemodynamic changes but rather reflect emotional processes related to the experience of weightlessness.
METHODS: iC3b, C9, Bielschowsky, and Gallyas staining was performed on aged normal (n = 17), mild cognitively impaired (n = 12), and AD (n = 17-18) inferior temporal gyrus specimens.
The results of both passive and active experiments reveal that the extraction of 3D SfT involves the bilateral caudal inferior temporal gyrus (caudal ITG), lateral occipital sulcus (LOS) and several bilateral sites along the intraparietal sulcus.
This savings was associated with a reduction in activity of brain regions typically recruited early in the adaptation process, including the right inferior frontal gyrus, primary motor cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, and the cerebellum (medial HIII).
Pretraining scans revealed stronger activation for English words than for Korean characters in the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left inferior frontal cortex, but not in the VWFA.
The results, based on the estimation of the intraclass correlation coefficient, functional probability maps as well as on laterality maps, showed consistent activation in the right and left superior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and right inferior temporal gyrus, thus replicating previous results with visual display and motor response DL paradigms.
Low birthweight was associated with reduced grey matter density (GMD) in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) bilaterally, left inferior temporal gyrus and left insula.
With respect to the former, we found confirmation of neuropsychological evidence of the involvement of the left supramarginal/angular gyrus in reading in Japanese of a phonologically based script system, Kana, and of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus in reading of a morphogram based script system, Kanji.
RESULTS: In voxel-based analysis using SPM2, volunteers with the A2A2 genotype showed decreased metabolism in the right middle frontal gyrus, the left middle and inferior frontal gyrus, the right and left inferior temporal gyrus, and the right cingulate gyrus, and increased metabolism in the pons.
Four different models were compared, all of which included left BA44, left BA45, and left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG).
During repetition of WL+ and WL- nonwords, AD patients showed decreased activity in the middle part of the superior temporal gyrus, presumably associated with sublexical phonological information; at the same time, AD patients showed larger activation than controls in the inferior temporal gyrus, typically associated with lexicosemantic levels of representation.
Epileptiform discharges were detected not only on the medial lesion but also on the lateral inferior temporal gyrus, which was confirmed as CD.
The results showed that apparent motion perception decreased after applying rTMS over MT+, but not after applying rTMS over the control region (inferior temporal gyrus).
Real words produced stronger brain activations than pseudo-words in the left posterior middle temporal and angular gyri, the rostral and caudal cingulate gyrus, the precuneus and the right inferior temporal gyrus.
The temporal profile of the activations indicated that the middle frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, and posterior inferior temporal gyrus reflected more central processes for writing.
Patients demonstrated grey matter (GM) volume decrements in the insula bilaterally, and in the right superior temporal and fusiform gyri, and left inferior temporal gyrus.
Compared to healthy volunteers, patients showed significant differences in connectivity within networks and between networks, most notably in the connectivities associated with the bilateral dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, the lateral parietal region, the inferior temporal gyrus of the "task-negative" network and with the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right dorsal premotor cortex of the "task-positive" network.
RESULTS: The brain regions showing differences among the three groups included bilateral frontal lobe, right cuneus and right inferior temporal gyrus. Compared with the normal controls, ADHD-C showed decreased ReHo in left frontal lobe and right inferior temporal gyrus, ADHD-I showed decreased ReHo in bilateral frontal and temporal lobe and right cerebellum and increased ReHo in bilateral occipital lobe and right inferior parietal gyrus.
Specifically, the group with progressive white matter abnormalities showed greater increase in the right inferior temporal gyrus/fusiform gyrus, right anterior cingulate, and the rostral aspect of the left superior temporal gyrus.
Regional sex dimorphism was present, with men having more GM volume in midbrain, left inferior temporal gyrus, right occipital lingual gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, and both cerebellar hemispheres.
FA value reduced in the white matter of left inferior temporal gyrus and in the bilateral middle cingulate gyrus in patients with AD/V compared with controls.
Later, we discovered cases of alexia with agraphia of Kanji caused by lesions in the posterior part of the left inferior temporal gyrus, leading us to understand the neural substrates of Kanji and Kana in more detail.
Gender-separate analysis demonstrated correlations between anxiety and GMD in the right dorsomedial thalamic nucleus of males and the right pulvinar nucleus of females, hallucinations and GMD in the right STG of males, delusions and GMD in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) of females, and incoherence of speech and GMD in the right MTG of males and both cerebellar hemispheres and right inferior temporal gyrus of females.
TPD related rCBF reductions were observed in the medial frontal gyrus bilaterally, right inferior temporal gyrus and the pons.
Changes of high SF faces increased responses of the right inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) and left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), with the latter response being also modulated additively by attention.
During the unpleasant smell condition, extraversion was correlated with rCBF in the occipital cortex and inferior temporal gyrus.
RESULTS: The results of VBM analysis indicated that the amblyopic group had decreased gray matter density in the middle frontal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus of the left hemisphere, and the bilateral calcarine cortices.
The CART method yielded a high specificity in classifying autism subjects from controls based on the relationship between the volume of the left fusiform gyrus (LFG) gray and white matter, the right temporal stem (RTS) and the right inferior temporal gyrus gray matter (RITG-GM).
Effective connectivity analyses revealed increased WM-load-dependent interaction of the left anterior caudate with the left posterior parietal cortex during all three phases of the task; with the visual association cortex, including the fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus, only during the encoding phase; with the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during the encoding and maintenance phases; with the pre-supplementary motor area during the maintenance and response phases; and with the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices only during the response phase.
RESULTS: Changes over time in the inferior temporal gyrus gave a 60% positive predictive value (likelihood ratio >10) of developing schizophrenia compared to the overall 13% risk in the cohort as a whole.
In contrast, orgasm was mainly associated with profound rCBF decreases in the neocortex when compared with the control conditions (clitoral stimulation and imitation of orgasm), particularly in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex, inferior temporal gyrus and anterior temporal pole.
Posterior gray matter volume in the inferior temporal gyrus was smaller bilaterally in both patient groups than in comparison subjects. In contrast, smaller bilateral posterior inferior temporal gyrus gray matter volume is present in both schizophrenia and affective psychosis at first hospitalization. These findings suggest that smaller gray matter volumes in the dorsal temporal lobe (superior and middle temporal gyri) may be specific to schizophrenia, whereas smaller posterior inferior temporal gyrus gray matter volumes may be related to pathology common to both schizophrenia and affective psychosis..
The volumes of six subregions were measured bilaterally; these included the superior temporal gyrus (STG), middle + inferior temporal gyrus (MITG), fusiform gyrus (FG), parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), amygdala (AM), and hippocampus (HP).
Fasting plasma leptin concentrations were positively correlated with GM volumes of the left cerebellum and left inferior temporal gyrus and negatively associated with GM volumes of the left inferior frontal operculum, left postcentral gyrus, and right putamen (P<0.001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons) after adjustment for sex, percent body fat, age, fasting plasma insulin concentrations (i.e., the major determinants of plasma leptin), and global GM volume (thus allowing for an assessment of regional effects only).
However, the children with dyslexia showed less activation than the controls in left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45/44/47/9), left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), left inferior temporal gyrus/fusiform gyrus (BA 20/37) and left middle temporal gyrus (BA 21) for the more difficult conflicting trials.
We found that hallucinatory patients had significant perfusion reductions in the bilateral inferior parietal lobule, inferior temporal gyrus, precuneus gyrus, and occipital cortex compared to nonhallucinatory patients.
We also report a higher percentage of sPLA2-IIA-immunoreactive astrocytes present in AD hippocampus and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG).
RESULTS: Compared with controls and visualized by fluorodeoxyglucose PET, hyperthyroid patients showed a decreased (P < 0.0001) glucose metabolism in the limbic system (uncus and inferior temporal gyrus).
RESULTS: After lamotrigine administration, cerebral metabolism was decreased in bilateral thalami, bilateral caudate nuclei, the left side of the putamen, the left entorhinal area, bilateral parahippocampal gyri, the right inferior temporal gyrus, the left rectosubcallosal gyrus, bilateral superior frontal gyri, the left middle frontal gyrus, the right precentral gyrus, left pericentral gyri, the right superior parietal lobule, and bilateral substantia nigra at P<.05 corrected for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate approach.
The suspiciousness score on the BPRS was positively correlated with rCBF in the left inferior temporal gyrus.
RESULTS: The basal temporal language area, defined as a part of the inferior temporal gyrus, the fusiform gyrus, and the parahippocampal gyrus, was spared by entering the temporal horn via collateral sulcus.
Whereas earlier visual areas responded preferentially to incongruent AV stimulation, higher visual areas of the temporal and parietal cortex (left inferior temporal gyrus [ ITG], right posterior superior temporal gyrus/sulcus [ pSTG/STS], left intra-parietal sulcus [ IPS]) and frontal regions (left pre-central gyrus [ PreCG], left dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex [ DLPFC]) responded preferentially to congruent AV stimulation.
In this study, we investigated the volume of gray matter in the fusiform gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the middle temporal gyrus, and the inferior temporal gyrus using magnetic resonance imaging in 39 schizotypal disorder patients, 65 schizophrenia patients, and 72 age and gender matched healthy control subjects.
METHODS: EEGs were recorded at high spatial resolution from a 1 x 1 cm 8 x 8 electrode array on the right inferior temporal gyrus of a patient undergoing preoperative monitoring for epilepsy surgery.
However, it caused a significant reduction in the positive BOLD response to hypercapnia in the bilateral primary sensorimotor cortices, bilateral extrastriate visual areas, left insula, left caudate nucleus, and left inferior temporal gyrus.
Laterality indices for 8 regions of interest were calculated: Inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part and triangular part), superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyrus, precuneus, temporal pole, and hippocampus.
Sentence by speaker interaction effects were found in bilateral middle temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal, and left inferior temporal gyrus..
The extent of these networks to regions associated with phonological processing (frontal gyrus, occipital gyrus, angular gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, supramarginal gyrus and cerebellum) was compared between good and dyslexic readers.
During the truth telling process, specific areas of the frontal (left subcallosal gyrus or lentiform nucleus) and temporal (left inferior temporal gyrus) lobes were significantly active.
VBM confirmed this finding and in addition showed reduced grey matter in the left hippocampus, left inferior temporal gyrus, and bilaterally in the middle and superior temporal gyrus.
There was no difference in the percentage of apoptotic-like nuclei between these cases, except for a small but significant decrease in the inferior temporal gyrus of AD cases relative to controls.
We found that fractional anisotropy in white matter of the patients was lower than that in controls at the cerebral peduncle, frontal regions, inferior temporal gyrus, medial parietal lobes, hippocampal gyrus, insula, right anterior cingulum bundle and right corona radiata.
RESULTS: The right angular gyrus, the left inferior temporal gyrus, and the right cerebellum showed significant fMRI activity during non-canonical as opposed to canonical viewing.
Discriminant analysis demonstrated that the variables of right inferior temporal gyrus, left upper temporal gyrus, left hippocampus and right insular lobe were entered into the discriminant functions and the total discriminant accuracy reached 100%.
The results showed that the left lingual gyrus was significantly activated at the beginning of the sentence, then the left inferior frontal gyrus and left supplementary motor area, in the middle of the sentence, and the left inferior temporal gyrus, at the end of the sentence.
We find that conventional metaphors differ from the literal condition with a slight amount of increased activation in the right inferior temporal gyrus.
Decreased gray matter volume was also observed in the right precuneus, right inferior temporal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and left superior frontal gyrus at a less conservative level of significance.
During imitation, a significant positive correlation (p < .05, corrected) of regional cerebral blood flow with the amount of meaningful actions was observed in the left inferior temporal gyrus only. The direct categorical comparison of imitating meaningful (100%) relative to meaningless (100%) actions showed differential increases in neural activity (p < .001, uncorrected) in the left inferior temporal gyrus, the left parahippocampal gyrus, and the left angular gyrus.
The group mean of participants had increased activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), left anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC), left supplementary motor area, left uncus, right inferior temporal gyrus, right lingual gyrus, and right precuneus in the 2D condition.
For negative emotions, a region in the right lateral inferior temporal gyrus (Brodman's area (BA) 20) extending into the right middle temporal gyrus (BA 21) was correlated with accuracy.
An interaction was nonetheless observed: this effect was stronger during imagery than during perception in the left inferior frontal and the left inferior temporal gyrus.
RESULTS: Radiologic images, when compared with control images, evoked stronger activations exclusively in the group of radiologists, notably in the bilateral middle and inferior temporal gyrus, bilateral medial and middle frontal gyrus, and left superior and inferior frontal gyrus (P < .001, corrected).
Activity associated with visual stimulus processing was estimated in the lateral occipital lobe, basal occipitotemporal area, and inferior temporal gyrus.
Task-independent activation was observed in the left and right intraparietal sulci for number names, whereas task-independent activation of the left inferior temporal gyrus was found for animal names. Likewise, the activation of the inferior temporal gyrus associated with the processing of animal names is probably related to category-specific knowledge about animals.
Moreover, all correlational analyses both at PET1 and on follow-up implicated the anterior part of the left inferior temporal gyrus, suggesting a disconnection between the superior and inferior parts of the left temporal cortex and a specific role for this region in lexical semantic processing..
Also, the fusiform gyrus (BA20) and inferior temporal gyrus (BA37) in the nonaffected hemisphere showed decreased perfusion.
We present a young man with drug-resistant, gelastic seizures due to focal cortical dysplasia of the right inferior temporal gyrus.
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and point light displays portraying six different human actions, we were able to show that several visual cortical regions, including human MT/V5 complex, posterior inferior temporal gyrus and superior temporal sulcus, are differentially active in the subtraction comparing biological motion to scrambled motion. Comparison of biological motion to three-dimensional rotation (of a human figure), articulated motion and translation suggests that human superior temporal sulcus activity reflects the action portrayed in the biological motion stimuli, whereas posterior inferior temporal gyrus responds to the figure and hMT/V5+ to the complex motion pattern present in biological motion stimuli.
The processing of brief speech sounds (200 ms in duration) activated the thalamus and superior temporal gyrus bilaterally, left anterior temporal lobe, and left inferior temporal gyrus.
Although previous neuroimaging studies have reported that the visual masking involves the attenuation of hemodynamic signals to the masked stimulus in visual ventral regions such as the fusiform and inferior temporal gyrus, the temporal profiles of this attenuation as a whole neural population is mostly unclear.
Happiness, on the other hand, produced stronger activations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the cingulate gyrus, the inferior temporal gyrus, and the cerebellum.
In direct semantic-task comparisons focussing on the temporal lobe: (i) structural relative to associative decisions activated the right posterior middle/inferior temporal gyrus; (ii) colour decisions relative to structural judgements were associated with a region in the right superior temporal gyrus; (iii) the associative decision task selectively activated the left anterior middle/superior temporal gyrus and temporal pole relative to both object structure and colour, and also the homologous right temporal pole relative to colour only.
The volume of the following structures was evaluated in the right and left hemispheres: the superior temporal gyrus, the basolateral temporal area (the region including the middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus), the parahippocampal gyrus, the hippocampal head, the amygdaloid body and the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle.
Middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, superior temporal sulcus and inferior temporal sulcus were difficult to identify, and thus had average scores of 0.87-1.26.
Specific AM retrieval was associated more with activation of regions involved in imagery in episodic memory, including the left precuneus, left superior parietal lobule and right cuneus, whereas general AM retrieval was associated with activation of the right inferior temporal gyrus, right medial frontal cortex, and left thalamus.
Between-group comparisons using region-of-interest analyses revealed less activation for senior adults in left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), left inferior temporal gyrus, and the anterior cingulate and higher activation in right inferior frontal gyrus compared to young adults.
Changes of 18FDG uptake in the CBT group: decreases were found in the a priori hypothesized regions of the right hemisphere in the inferior temporal gyrus, superior and inferior frontal gyrus, and increases were detected in the a priori hypothesized region, mostly in the left hemisphere: inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and insula.
Examining contrasts revealed that the COM group had increased gray matter density compared with the ASP or combined HFA and ASP group in the right inferior temporal gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and rostral fusiform gyrus.
We studied the spatial correlations between the clusters of NI, SN, and glial cells in four gyri of the temporal lobe (superior temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus) in four cases of NIFID.
OBJECTIVE: The middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus subserve language and semantic memory processing, visual perception, and multimodal sensory integration. However, there have been few in vivo structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia. METHOD: Middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus gray matter volumes were measured in 23 male patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia and 28 healthy male subjects by using high-spatial-resolution MRI. RESULTS: Relative to healthy subjects, the patients with chronic schizophrenia showed gray matter volume reductions in the left middle temporal gyrus (13% difference) and bilateral inferior temporal gyrus (10% difference in both hemispheres). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that patients with schizophrenia evince reduced gray matter volume in the left middle temporal gyrus and bilateral reductions in the inferior temporal gyrus.
Both methods revealed that FDG uptake linearly increases with age both in the bilateral inferior prefrontal/orbitofrontal gyri and the right dorsomedial frontal gyrus and decreases in the inferior temporal gyrus and internal capsule white matter.
However, several neural substrates such as left middle frontal gyrus, left superior parietal lobule, posterior aspect of right inferior temporal gyrus, and bilateral parahippocampal gyri were selectively activated during the dual WM task.
Visually familiar and unfamiliar words were found to activate a range of areas associated with lexico-semantic processing more strongly than pseudowords, such as the left and right temporo-parietal region (BA 39/40), a region in the left middle/inferior temporal gyrus (BA 20/21), and the posterior cingulate (BA 31)..
The temporal lobe activation included the right inferior temporal gyrus (BA 37), posterior hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus, regions implicated in spatial memory and navigation tasks.
Selective activations under the HS condition were found in several regions including the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus (PITG) and the parieto-occipital cortex (PO), as compared with activations under a condition for familiar letters and speech sounds, and with those under the HN condition.
Results showed that visual and tactile recognition evoked category-related patterns of response in a ventral extrastriate visual area in the inferior temporal gyrus that were correlated across modality for manmade objects.
Our results revealed that correctly detecting a change was associated with activation of a network comprising parietal and frontal brain regions, as well as activation of the pulvinar, cerebellum, and inferior temporal gyrus. Visual processing areas, such as the inferior temporal gyrus, may be the recipients of top-down feedback from fronto-parietal regions that control the reactive deployment of attention, and thus exhibit increased activation when a change is reported (irrespective of whether it occurred or not).
RESULTS: During recognition, all word categories showed increased bilateral activation of the inferior frontal gyrus, the inferior temporal gyrus, the occipital lobe and the brainstem in comparison with the control condition.
To investigate the neuronal basis underlying face identification, the activity of face neurons in the anterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) and the anterior inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) of macaque monkeys was analyzed during their performance of a face-identification task.
The SAD group had significantly less gray matter in the right inferior temporal gyrus relative to the NSAD group.
The volumes of the following structures were evaluated in the right and left hemispheres: the superior temporal gyrus, the basolateral temporal area (the region including middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus), the parahippocampal gyrus, the hippocampal head, the amygdaloid body and the lateral ventricle.
The two factors also activated distinct regions: for the picture factor, they were the cuneus, superior lingual gyrus, insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus; and for the word factor, they were the precuneus, precentral gyrus, midbrain, and vermis.
The densities of the florid and diffuse plaques were positively correlated in the parietal cortex, occipital cortex, the inferior temporal gyrus and the dentate gyrus.
Although both point-light stimuli produced overlapping activation in the right middle occipital gyrus encompassing area KO and the right inferior temporal gyrus, they also activated distinct areas.
Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a gadolinium enhanced mass in the left inferior temporal gyrus.
The right putamen, the right inferior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and left postcentral gyrus were correlated positively with the length of education.
Case 1 had old hematoma cavity in the inferior temporal gyrus and chronic subdural electrode recording revealed the ictal onset zone to be localized in the ipsilateral medial temporal region. Chronic subdural electrode recording revealed that the ictal onset zone was localized in the ipsilateral inferior temporal gyrus (that had microdysgenesis) in Case 3 and contralateral medial temporal region (that had hippocampal sclerosis) in Case 4, respectively.
The slopes were significantly more positive in the young in the right inferior temporal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and cingulate, while the elderly had a significantly more positive slope in left cuneus.
Caloric nystagmus was suppressed as a result of visual fixation, during which time the area around the right frontal eye field, temporal pole, inferior temporal gyrus, a broad area in the visual cortex, including fusiform and lingual gyrus, cerebellar uvula/nodulus and flocculus, exhibited positive correlation with fixation suppression of caloric nystagmus, while vestibular cortices exhibited negative correlation.
RESULTS: During retrieval of emotionally valenced word pairs, PTSD patients showed greater decreases in blood flow in an extensive area, which included orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and medial prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's areas 25, 32, 9), left hippocampus, and fusiform gyrus/inferior temporal gyrus, with increased activation in posterior cingulate, left inferior parietal cortex, left middle frontal gyrus, and visual association and motor cortex.
We find that words and pseudowords activate the same set of regions relative to fixation, and within this system, there is greater activation for pseudowords than words in the left frontal operculum, left posterior inferior temporal gyrus, and the right cerebellum.
Reading low-frequency characters invoked higher activation in several brain regions including the left premotor/inferior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, left anterior insula, left posterior inferior temporal gyrus, left superior parietal cortex, and lingual cortex, while reading high-frequency characters resulted in higher activation in the left supramarginal/angular gyrus and left precuneus.
(2) The rCMRglc of many parts of brain such as frontal lobe, including superior, middle and inferior frontal gyrus, orbital gyrus and rectus gyrus, temporal lobe, including superior, middle and inferior temporal gyrus, parietal lobe, including superior parietal lobe, supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus, limbic system, including anterior cingulate gyrus, insular lobe, basal ganglions, including thalamus, caudate nucleus and amygdaloid nucleus decreased significantly in AD group, compared to MCI and HC groups (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001).
For normal control subjects (n = 13), only the left middle occipital gyrus and the right inferior temporal gyrus were significantly activated.
The two cognitive components of form discrimination and spatial location were interwoven in the task; however, the fMRI data demonstrated that such a task still activated both ventral GTi/GF (the inferior temporal gyrus/the fusiform gyrus) and dorsal Ga/PCu (the angular gyrus/Precuneus), which are supposed to mediate form discrimination and spatial location, respectively.
Foci of significantly reduced gray matter volume in AD patients were detected in both medial and lateral temporal regions, most significantly in the right and left posterior parahippocampal gyri and the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus/fusiform gyrus (P<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons).
In SD, ROI analyses appear more sensitive to left middle and inferior temporal gyrus volume loss, whereas VBM appears more sensitive to regional hippocampal volume loss.
Women exhibited significant bilateral activations in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the superior and inferior parietal lobule, as well as in the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and the premotor areas. No significant activation was found in the inferior temporal gyrus.
Rate effects for pinyin reading were observed in bilateral fusiform, lingual, and middle occipital gyri, bilateral superior parietal lobule/precuneus, left inferior parietal lobule, bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and left superior temporal gyrus.
Only one additional region had significant asymmetry differences on post hoc analysis: posterior temporal fusiform gyrus (more left-sided in autism), whereas adjacent fusiform gyrus and temporooccipital inferior temporal gyrus both approached significance (more right-sided in autism).
Dipole source localization analysis indicated that dipoles for the N170 elicited by eyes were located in the posterior inferior temporal gyrus, and those for faces, located initially in the same region, but moved toward the fusiform and lingual gyri at the late phase of the N170. The results indicated that information processing of faces and eyes separated at least as early as the latency of the N170 at the posterior inferior temporal gyrus as well as the fusiform and lingual gyri, and might provide neurophysiological and anatomical bases to an initial structural encoding stage of human faces..
In the left hemisphere, the supramarginal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus, the inferior temporal gyrus, and the middle occipital gyrus were more activated in the short-term script conditions, while the angular gyrus, the medial superior frontal gyrus, the precuneus bilaterally, the anterior cingulate gyrus and the inferior and middle temporal gyrus on the left were more involved during long-term scripts processing.
Rather, lexical access activated other inferior frontal regions, insula, fusiform and inferior temporal gyrus.
The reverse subtraction yielded activation in the right inferior temporal gyrus, in agreement with earlier results.
In an fMRI experiment, subjects saw a written noun and made three distinct decisions in separate sessions: Is its grammatical gender masculine or feminine (grammatical feature task)? Is it an animal or an artifact (semantic task)? Does it contain a /tch/ or a /k/ sound (phonological task)? Relative to the other experimental conditions, the grammatical feature task activated areas of the left middle and inferior frontal gyrus and of the left middle and inferior temporal gyrus.
Other areas of activation included the cuneus, the left inferior temporal gyrus, the prefrontal area, and the left fusiform and lingual gyri.
Four patients had CD, such as menigocele at the ipsilateral temporal fossa, schizencephaly in the ipsilateral peri-Rolandic area, focal cortical dysplasia in the ipsilateral inferior temporal gyrus and periventricular nodular heterotopia at the bilateral inferior horns of the lateral ventricle.
A recruitment of early visual cortex, the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and the left superior parietal cortex was observed in both groups.
The densities of the florid and the non-florid plaques were positively correlated in the parietal cortex, occipital cortex, inferior temporal gyrus and dentate gyrus.
A cortical incision for entry into the temporal horn should be made in the inferior temporal gyrus to minimize the potential damage to the optic radiations and to the speech centers.
Magnetic resonance showed high signal intensity and marked volume loss in the hippocampus bilaterally; the left and right parahippocampal gyrus, lateral occipito-temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and lateral temporal cortex were normal.
Evidence in favor of this interpretation comes from the additional finding that activation of the anterior part of the left fusiform gyrus and a more anterior part of the right inferior temporal gyrus, areas previously associated with access to stored structural knowledge, was found with recognizable stimuli, but not with unrecognizable stimuli.
For semantically related paired associates, significant regression was present in the left inferior temporal gyrus (x, y, z: -48, -18, -24; p < 0.05).
Moreover, it also dissociated the semantic functions of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus and anterior temporal pole: The posterior region subserves stimulus-driven activation of semantic associations and the left anterior region is involved in task-induced association of semantic information..
The anterior portion of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the left superior temporal gyrus were activated in working memory for the native language, whereas the posterior portion of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the left inferior temporal gyrus were activated in working memory for the second language.
Intraoperative electrocorticography(ECoG) demonstrated almost continuous paroxysmal activities on the anterior part of the inferior temporal gyrus(ITG).
The functional connectivity pattern of the patient group was characterized by relatively more activation in the bilateral inferior parietal lobes and the left precentral gyrus than the control group, and less activation in the inferior medial frontal lobe, bilateral middle frontal gyri and right inferior temporal gyrus.
UPAR protein levels were significantly increased in human brain tissues from the hippocampus, superior frontal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus of AD cases compared with similar tissues from non-demented cases.
The right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), right anterior insula, left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and left inferior temporal gyrus also showed sensitivity to novelty.
In the elderly group, only the left inferior temporal gyrus and the primary visual cortex reached accepted significance levels.
This network featured a large activation encompassing left supplementary and cingulate motor areas (SMA/CMA) as well as right IFG, right/left precuneus, and right anterior insula, with smaller activations in right/left inferior temporal gyrus and left posterior cingulate cortex.
We therefore compared volumes of the superior temporal gyrus (STG), basolateral temporal area (BTG--the region including middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus), parahippocampal gyrus (PAH), head of the hippocampus (HIP), amygdaloid body (AA) and temporal horn of the lateral ventricle (LV) separately for each hemisphere in 8 patients with ischaemic vascular dementia (IVD) and in 14 cognitively and neurologically normal subjects.
T2 measurements were obtained, with variably sized regions of interest, from the primary auditory cortex, primary visual cortex, caudate nucleus, superior frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, insula cortex, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus. In ascending order of T2 measurements, the first group consisted of the primary auditory cortex and primary visual cortex; the second group, the caudate nucleus, superior frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus; the third group, the insula cortex; and the fourth group, the cingulate gyrus and hippocampus.
Instead, the peak focus of the largest cluster of activation was in the posterior part of the inferior temporal gyrus (right, BA 37).
Four regions of interest (ROIs), the fusiform gyrus (FG), inferior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and amygdala were manually traced on non-spatially normalized images and the percentage ROI active was calculated for each subject.
The counts of VOIs in the normal control group were symmetric (AI < 4.3%, paired t test P > 0.05) except for those of the inferior temporal gyrus (P < 0.001).
A multivariate partial least squares analysis of the PET data revealed that transperceptual encoding processes activated right medial temporal lobe, superior prefrontal cortex bilaterally, and posterior inferior temporal gyrus bilaterally.
Men activated more in the right lingual gyrus (BA 18) and the right cerebellum compared with women, whereas women showed more activation in the right inferior temporal gyrus (BA 17).
Results indicate that there are additional generators located both within the anterior cingulate gyrus and in the right inferior temporal gyrus, clearly separated from the supratemporal generators in space and time course.
Metabolically active areas were found in the superior, middle and inferior temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdaloid nucleus, pons and cerebellum in the oral group when compared with the i.v.
During phonological judgment, dyslexics had more activity than controls in right than left inferior temporal gyrus and in left precentral gyrus. Individual dyslexics were reliably less active than controls in left insula and left inferior temporal gyrus.
In the left hemisphere additional activation were located in inferior temporal gyrus, the inferior part of pre- and postcentral gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex (BA 11), whereas in the right hemisphere only a region in the precuneus (BA 19) was activated additionally.
Except for the inferior temporal gyrus, which was activated exclusively in the FIT task, all other areas showed activation in both tasks but to different extents.
The most posterior brain region to show a lateralized response was at the left occipitotemporal junction, in the inferior temporal gyrus.
Ipsilaterally deactivated regions were: superior and medial frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, angular gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus, fusiform and inferior occipital gyrus.
Recognition based on visual categories of the patterns activated the right (R) angular gyrus, left (L) inferior temporal gyrus, and L superior parieto-occipital cortex. These findings demonstrate that the R angular gyrus, the L inferior temporal gyrus, and the L superior parieto-occipital cortex are associated with recognition of patterns based on visual categories, whereas recognition of patterns using memory representations is associated with the activity of the precunei.
The scores of all three verbal semantic memory tests correlated significantly with regional cerebral glucose metabolism in the left inferior temporal gyrus, even after controlling for the effects of age, sex and educational attainment. In contrast, the scores of the word recall test did not correlate significantly with regional cerebral glucose metaboliosm in the left inferior temporal gyrus, neither before nor after controlling for these confounders.
In contrast, the categorization tasks were associated with activation of the left inferior temporal gyrus, a structure believed to be involved in semantic processing.
More posteriorly, there were major foci of activation in parietal and occipitoparietal cortex, precuneus, lingual, and fusiform gyri of the ventral occipital lobe, inferior temporal gyrus, and cerebellum.
In comparison to the better two groups of lip-readers, subjects in the poorest group displayed significantly less activation in superior and middle temporal gyrus, but not inferior temporal gyrus.
An area within the inferior temporal gyrus, representing an inferior satellite area of V5, was activated by both the rotational perception and rotational transformation tasks, but showed no activation in response to linear motion perception or transformation.
Some of the task-related brain regions also showed modulated activity by semantic relatedness and consisted in the left inferior prefrontal cortex, right medial temporal lobe, fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus bilaterally.
The topography of the metabolic depression was not a reliable predictor of epileptogenicity, but involvement of the inferior temporal gyrus was related specifically to ipsilateral seizure onset (70% sensitivity, 100% specificity). CONCLUSIONS: In TLE, symmetric or asymmetric BTH may signal bilateral independent seizure onset in approximately half the patients, especially when involving the inferior temporal gyrus.
In the inferior temporal gyrus, Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that ChAT activity had a significant inverse correlation with Abeta concentration (p = 0.075; r = -0.3552).
The conjunction analysis, conducted with SPM, was used to uncover the network of activations common to both task that included three left hemisphere areas, namely (1) the pars opercularis and triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus, (2) the posterior part of the superior temporal cortex centered around the superior temporal sulcus, extending to the planum temporale posterior part but sparing the supramarginalis and angular gyri, and (3) the most anterior part of the left inferior temporal gyrus at the junction with the anterior fusiform gyrus.
It parcels the entire temporal neocortex into 16 subregions: temporal pole, heschl's gyrus, planum temporale, planum polare, superior temporal gyrus (rostral and caudal), middle temporal gyrus (rostral, intermediate, and caudal), inferior temporal gyrus (rostral, intermediate, and caudal), occipitotemporal gyrus (rostral and caudal), and parahippocampal gyrus (rostral and caudal).
The size of the vacuole clusters was positively correlated with patient age in the lower laminae of the occipital cortex and the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and negatively correlated with age in the hippocampus.
The comparison of the attribution of intention condition with the physical logic with characters condition was associated with rCBF increases in the right middle and medial prefrontal cortex including Brodmann's area (BA) 9, the right inferior prefrontal cortex (BA 47), the right inferior temporal gyrus (BA 20), the left superior temporal gyrus (BA 38), the left cerebellum, the bilateral anterior cingulate, and the middle temporal gyri (BA 21).
On the 26th day after admission, successful neck clipping was performed through the temporal horn via the inferior temporal gyrus.
In contrast, English readers showed greater activations, particularly for non-words, in left posterior inferior temporal gyrus and anterior inferior frontal gyrus, areas associated with word retrieval during both reading and naming tasks..
The direct comparisons between Kanji writing and Kana writing revealed that the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus was activated in Kanji writing while the left angular gyrus was activated in Kana writing.
There was also decreased blood flow in right hippocampus, fusiform/inferior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and visual association cortex in women with PTSD relative to women without PTSD.
In the PET data, the increase in task difficulty was associated with increased regional cerebral blood flow in the posterior part of the right inferior temporal gyrus and in the anterior part of the right fusiform gyrus.
Adjusted rCBF increased bilaterally in the putamina, globi pallidi, hippocampi and cerebellar hemispheres (dentate nuclei) and in the left ventrolateral thalamus, right insula and right inferior temporal gyrus.
Increases were found in posterior parts (amygdala/peri-amygdaloid cortex, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus), and in regions of the cerebellum.
The IPS focus was located between the superior parietal lobule and the angular gyrus, and the OT activation overlapped the posterior part of the inferior temporal gyrus and the middle occipital gyrus.
In particular, activation in the right, but not left, inferior temporal gyrus (area 37) was observed when both shifted-array conditions were compared to their respective cue-matched fixed-array conditions.
Areas eliciting only naming errors were found in the posterior inferior temporal gyrus extending into the mid-middle temporal gyrus and may represent a visual-representation input lexicon.
The patients activated some areas consistently with the normals, including some regions of significant atrophy, but showed substantially reduced activity particularly in the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus (iTG) (Brodmann area 37/19).
They included the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 45, 47), a portion of the left middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 46), the left middle temporal gyrus (Brodmann areas 21, 22), a region of the left lateral inferior temporal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus (Brodmann areas 22, 37), and a portion of the left cingulate gyrus (Brodmann areas 32, 24).
RESULTS: Regional glucose metabolism in the left inferior parietal lobule and in the left inferior temporal gyrus was significantly correlated with the calculation performance irrespective of age, sex, education, and severity of disease. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that dysfunction of the left inferior parietal lobule and the left inferior temporal gyrus plays an important part in producing dyscalculia in patients with Alzheimer's disease..
In the approximate region of a standard anterior temporal lobectomy, including 2.5 cm of the superior temporal gyrus and 4.5 cm of both the middle and inferior temporal gyrus, the authors identified language areas in 14.5% of patients tested.
Sections from Brodmann's areas 6, 4, 20, 43, 28, and 17 of premotor frontal, motor cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, hippocampal formation and the striate cortex from 16 Rett brains, 9 non-Rett brains and 9 Down's brains were prepared for dendrite analysis using the rapid Golgi technique.
In patients with delusions (n = 26), normalized glucose metabolism was significantly increased in the left inferior temporal gyrus and significantly decreased in the left medial occipital region as compared with those without delusions (n = 39).
These areas included the occipital part of the fusiform gyrus, the right parietal lobule, the right inferior temporal gyrus, and the middle temporal gyrus in both hemispheres.
A rightward lateralization of deactivations located in the parietal and inferior temporal gyrus was also observed.
Based on the fact that the posterior inferior temporal lesion showed more severe agraphic symptom and more frequent nonresponse writing errors of kanji, and that our patient's lesion was mainly located in the fusiform gyrus that is medial to the inferior temporal gyrus, we believe that alexia occurred when the inferior temporal gyrus was disconnected from the fusiform gyrus, as a result, visual information could not reach the inferior temporal gyrus in which the visual images of individual kanji are stored..
Choline acetyltransferase activity and high-affinity nicotinic receptor binding sites were assayed in the inferior temporal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and superior parietal cortex of 16 head-injured patients and 8 controls.
Among the 27 patients with residual CPS, ultimate outcome was better among patients with removal of >6 cm as measured along the inferior temporal gyrus than among those with less extensive resections.
Mean cluster size of the PB was greater in the dentate gyrus compared with the inferior temporal gyrus and lateral occipitotemporal gyrus.
Language disturbance in AD is accounted for by deficits in the semantic processing of language and is related to glucose hypometabolism in the inferior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule, especially in the dominant side.
CT images suggested that the left occipital lobe and the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus, as well as the right hemisphere, may have relevance to the comprehension of written famous personal names..
A PET scan study has revealed that when subjects were asked to remember visual landmarks there was a bilateral activation of the middle hippocampal regions, left inferior temporal gyrus, left hippocampal regions, precentral gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus.
INTERVENTION: On the 16th day after admission, successful neck clipping was easily performed through the temporal horn via the inferior temporal gyrus.
Relative decreases in rCBF were noticed bilaterally in the insular cortex (BA 20/21 and BA 38), the right inferior temporal gyrus (BA 19/37), the right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45), the left inferior parietal lobulus (BA 40), the medial temporal gyrus (BA 39) and the right anterior cingulate cortex (BA 24).
Of the 14 older cases, 9 had diffuse plaques in the entorhinal cortex (ECx) and/or inferior temporal gyrus (ITG).
The majority of these D2 receptor-enriched bands were observed in the lateral and inferior aspects of the superior temporal gyrus, less frequently on the lateral surface of the inferior temporal gyrus and the parahippocampal cortices (Brodmann's area 22, 42 and 20, 21, 37).
These findings confirm that, in human subjects, memory for object features is mediated by a distributed system that includes ventral prestriate cortex and both anterior and posterior regions of the inferior temporal gyrus.
Choline acetyltransferase activity, M1 and M2 receptor binding sites were assayed in the inferior temporal gyrus from 7 head-injured patients and 7 controls.
In controls and schizophrenic patients, task performance correlated with GMR in medial superior frontal gyrus and lateral inferior temporal gyrus, suggesting that activation of those regions is important in the normal performance of the task and that damage to those regions, which also showed low GMR in schizophrenics, contributes to the attentional dysfunction in schizophrenia.
In the inferior temporal gyrus, galanin binding was reduced selectively in layers V-VI of the AD cases compared to controls, the magnitude of the reduction (45%) being similar to that of choline acetyltransferase activity (40%) in this region.
In protecting Labbé's vein, continuous ventricular draining and removal of the inferior temporal gyrus if necessary was effective..
METHODS: We have used semiquantitative scales and quantitative computerized image analysis techniques to analyze the characteristics of neurofibrillary tangle formation and A beta amyloid deposition in the hippocampal formation and inferior temporal gyrus in 36 individuals with Down's syndrome ranging in age from 4 to 73 years.
The region in which language disturbance could be elicited included the inferior temporal gyrus, the fusiform (lateral and medial occipitotemporal) gyrus, and the parahippocampal gyrus.
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