In future solvers, responses were observed in the superior frontal sulcus, posterior parietal cortex, and the insula, three areas mediating controlled processes and supporting early learning and novice performance. Moreover, the hippocampus was functionally coupled with the basal ganglia in nonsolvers and with the superior frontal sulcus in solvers, thus potentially biasing participants' strategy towards implicit or controlled processes of memory encoding, respectively. 
The widths of all six sulcal spans increased significantly with age, with largest span increase occurring in the superior frontal sulcus.
Updating the attentional focus elicited transient activation in the caudal superior frontal sulcus and posterior parietal cortex. In contrast, increasing demands on selection selectively modulated activation in rostral superior frontal sulcus and posterior cingulate/precuneus.
There were also age-related differences in brain activity, with children but not adults showing an effect of dimension shifting in the right superior frontal sulcus, and adults but not children showing an effect of dimension shifting in the left superior parietal cortex and the right thalamus.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In both groups, skin discomfort due to lactic acid increased activity in the primary sensorimotor cortex contralateral to application site and in a bilateral fronto-parietal network including parietal cortex, prefrontal areas around the superior frontal sulcus, and the supplementary motor area.
In additional analyses, the depth of the cingular sulcus was independently associated with the volume of LL (P = 0.001), and that of the superior frontal sulcus with the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (P = 0.003).
mother-referential contrast, small differences in activation strength were observed in the left superior frontal sulcus, right cingulate gyrus and the left fusiform gyrus.
This analysis revealed more sustained activity in right dorsal brain regions, including the IPL and superior frontal sulcus, during the location than during the category task, after accounting for transient activity related to target detection and the motor response.
Here, we perform an integrative experimental and computational analysis to determine the effective balance between the superior frontal sulcus (SFS) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and their putative role(s) in protecting against distracters.
Additional signal increases were located in the depth of the left superior frontal sulcus, over the ventral part of the left anterior cingulate, in the depth of the right central sulcus and in the caudate nucleus/putamen.
In contrast, the hippocampus and left superior frontal sulcus responded most to faces farthest from the category boundary.
In addition, consistent with previous findings, right posterior superior frontal sulcus, and the FEF were specifically active during the delay period of the location DMS task.
The dorsal prefrontal cortex, specifically an area of the superior frontal sulcus (SFS), has been shown to exhibit greater activity for spatial than for nonspatial auditory tasks.
With these tasks, we found two topographic maps in each hemisphere, one in the superior branch of precentral cortex and caudalmost part of the superior frontal sulcus, in the region of the human frontal eye field, and a second in the inferior branch of precentral cortex and caudalmost part of the inferior frontal sulcus, both of which greatly overlapped with activations evoked by visually guided saccades.
Patient 3 is a 10-year-old female who had equivalent current dipoles clustering alongside right superior frontal sulcus and extremely regular orientations.
RESULTS: The points studied were the anterior sylvian point, the inferior rolandic point, the intersection of the inferior frontal sulcus with the precentral sulcus, the intersection of the superior frontal sulcus with the precentral sulcus, the superior rolandic point, the intersection of the intraparietal sulcus with the postcentral sulcus, the superior point of the parieto-occipital sulcus, the euryon (the craniometric point that corresponds to the center of the parietal tuberosity), the posterior point of the superior temporal sulcus, and the opisthocranion, which corresponds to the most prominent point of the occipital bossa.
In right superior frontal sulcus, right supramarginal gyrus, and posterior cingulate sulcus, activation was greater for nogo compared to prosaccade responses, suggesting a role in active saccadic inhibition..
In the sentence focus task, however, greater activation for L2 than L1 occurred in the bilateral anterior insula and superior frontal sulcus.
Rather, a larger amplitude of N1 was found in the reverse contrast, randomised minus same-point trials, which revealed increases in the fMRI signal along the posterior left superior frontal sulcus and bilaterally in the superior precuneus.
A confusing picture of the functional organization of the dorsal premotor region of the human brain emerged when functional neuroimaging studies that either examined visuomotor hand conditional activity or attempted to localize the human frontal eye field reported activity increases at the same general location, namely the junction of the superior precentral sulcus with the superior frontal sulcus.
Such activity was not found reliably, however, in the superior frontal sulcus anterior to the FEF nor in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Older children and adolescents, with higher capacity, have been found to have higher brain activity in the intraparietal cortex and in the posterior part of the superior frontal sulcus, during the performance of working memory tasks.
In one, psychological illusions and visual hallucinations were related to the superior frontal sulcus.
The precentral sulcus is composed of two distinct sulcal configurations: 1) the inferior precentral sulcus (IP), situated caudal to the inferior frontal sulcus, and 2) the superior precentral sulcus (SP), caudal to the superior frontal sulcus. The caudal end of the superior frontal sulcus and the SP merge on the surface of the brain.
A high discrepancy score has been related to impaired activity in the superior frontal sulcus and the parietal cortex in AD. Anosognosia for cognitive deficits in AD could be partly explained by impaired metabolism in parts of networks subserving self-referential processes (e.g., the superior frontal sulcus) and perspective-taking (e.g., the temporoparietal junction).
Moreover, it is known that the frontal eye field extends rostrally to the superior frontal sulcus. A maximum of activation was detected around the junction of the superior frontal sulcus and the precentral sulcus extending 1.5 cm along the precentral sulcus in direction of the lateral sulcus.
Consistent with the behavioral results, transient signal decrease time-locked to the release trials was revealed in the left anterior part of the superior frontal sulcus.
In contrast, localizing sounds recruited greater activity in the parietal cortex, posterior temporal lobe, and superior frontal sulcus.
Relatively stable landmarks were selected as follows: (1) connection between the superior frontal sulcus (SFS) and the superior precentral sulcus (SPCS); (2) connection between the inferior frontal sulcus (IFS) and the inferior precentral sulcus (IPCS); (3) inferior end of the precentral sulcus (PCS); and (4) origin of the ascending ramus (AscR) of the Sylvian fissure (SYF).
Precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule, superior frontal gyrus, precentral sulcus, central sulcus, postcentral sulcus, intraparietal sulcus and superior frontal sulcus were best shown of all structures with an arbitrary score of 2.61-2.77.
Axons originating from a small lesion in the fundus of the right superior frontal sulcus were found in the upper part of the ipsilateral caudate nucleus.
In addition, 55% of spatial studies reported activity around the superior frontal sulcus as opposed to only 7% of the nonspatial studies.
We found main effects in fMRI BOLD signal for reward, which overlapped with BOLD effects for maintenance of information, in the right superior frontal sulcus and bilateral intraparietal sulcus.
Specifically, and consistent with our hypothesis, we found that FA values in fronto-parietal white matter correlated with BOLD response in closely located grey matter in the superior frontal sulcus and inferior parietal lobe, areas that could form a functional network underlying working memory function..
This lead to a reduced number of clusters: one cluster in the lower/anterior part of the cingulate gyrus and four clusters located in the medial/superior frontal gyrus, along the superior frontal sulcus.
In Group A (6 cases), resection was limited within the area above the superior frontal sulcus and posterior to a line vertical to the line connecting the anterior and posterior commissures at the anterior commissure (AC vertical line). Resection was extended anterior to the AC vertical line in Group B (4 cases) or below the superior frontal sulcus in Group C (5 cases).
Prefrontal activity, along the superior frontal sulcus, evoked by the working memory task, was active later in time than initial activity in visual cortex and later than the earliest effect of attention modulation in visual cortex..
Some fMRI studies in humans have located the frontal eye field (FEF) in two distinct regions along the precentral sulcus (PCS): one localized more medically, in the superior precentral sulcus (supPCR) at the junction with the superior frontal sulcus, and the other localized more laterally, along the medial part of the inferior precentral sulcus (infPCR).
Transient activation time-locked to the isolated inhibition was revealed in the left middle frontal gyrus near the superior frontal sulcus.
When performing the simple motor task with the dominant hand, MS patients had more significant activations of the ipsilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), the ipsilateral superior frontal sulcus, the contralateral superior temporal gyrus, and the thalamus than controls.
RESULTS: Dorsolateral prefrontal activation was observed around the right superior frontal sulcus in the healthy subjects, and ventrolateral prefrontal activation below the right inferior frontal sulcus was observed in the schizophrenic patients.
Human functional neuroimaging studies have consistently shown that the superior element of the precentral sulcus (sPCS), near the caudal end of the superior frontal sulcus (cSFS), is activated during oculomotor tasks, and refer to this area as the frontal eye field (FEF).
In contrast, in experts, activity was greater in cortical areas related to visuo-spatial working memory, including the bilateral superior frontal sulcus and superior parietal lobule.
With respect to activation of the cortical ocular motor system two separate and distinct areas of activations were delineated in the precentral sulcus of both hemispheres, one ventrolaterally (in BA 9) and the other dorsomedially at the junction of the superior frontal sulcus with the precentral sulcus (in BA 6).
Furthermore, the nature of the interaction between the anterior PFC and the domain-specific posterior prefrontal areas (superior frontal sulcus and left inferior frontal gyrus) depended on whether the items were to be remembered in the forward or backward order.
ECDs were perpendicular to the superior frontal sulcus.
Seven or more subjects activated (posterior) superior frontal sulcus (pSFS, BA 6/8, global maximum) and/or adjacent gyri, posterior parietal cortex, and precuneus (BA 7).
One OMA was consistently located at the intersection of the superior frontal sulcus with the fundus of the superior portion of the precentral sulcus, and was the OMA in which saccadic eye movements could be the most easily elicited by electrical stimulation.
Conversely, identifying the location of S2 relative to S1 generated greater activation in posterior temporal cortex, parietal cortex, and the superior frontal sulcus.
Maintenance of orientations involved a distributed fronto-parietal network, that is, left and right lateral superior frontal sulcus (SFSl), bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), bilateral precuneus, and right superior parietal lobe (SPL). A more medial superior frontal sulcus region (SFSm) was identified as being instrumental in the manipulative operation of updating orientations retained in the WM.
The main difference between discrimination tasks was an enhanced activity, at the group level, in superior frontal sulcus in identification compared to successive discrimination, and at least at the single subject level, a larger activity in right fusiform cortex in successive discriminations compared to identification.
On the other hand, working memory for orientation involved the left inferior parietal cortex, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and a left superior frontal sulcus region, and to a lesser degree the symmetrical right superior frontal region and a left superior parietal region.
The activation of a parietofrontal network composed of the intraparietal sulcus, the superior frontal sulcus, the middle frontal gyrus, and the pre-SMA was observed in common for both mental navigation and mental map and is likely to reflect the spatial mental imagery components of the tasks..
Activations in frontal (inferior, middle, and precentral gyri and superior frontal sulcus), parietal (intra-parietal sulcus, inferior parietal lobule, and precuneus) and cingulate (anterior and posterior) regions were observed as were bilateral insular and occipital activations.
RESULTS: The matching and multiplication tasks resulted in activation (P < .005) in the medial superior frontal gyrus; the anterior cingulate gyrus; the intraparietal sulci, bilaterally; the right superior frontal sulcus bilaterally; the middle, inferior and precentral frontal gyri (left greater than right); the left basal ganglia; and the right lateral and inferior occipital gyri.
Polymodal regions of parietal cortex (inferior and superior parietal lobules), as well as cortex surrounding the superior frontal sulcus (and encompassing the frontal eye fields), also demonstrated equivalent levels of activation in the spatial and object conditions.
The stationary directional cue produced larger modulations than the neutral cue, with respect to a passive viewing baseline, both in motion-sensitive areas such as left MT+ and the anterior intraparietal sulcus, as well as motion-insensitive areas such as the posterior intraparietal sulcus and the junction of the left medial precentral sulcus and superior frontal sulcus.
Comparison of the 2-back versus 0-back tasks revealed consistent, bilateral activation in the medial frontal gyrus (MFG), superior frontal sulcus and adjacent cortical tissue (SFS/SFG) in all subjects and in six out of seven subjects in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS).
Variations in localization of the central sulcus and the sulci around the central sulcus namely the superior frontal sulcus, precentral sulcus, postcentral sulcus, marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus were studied in vertex sections retrospectively by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method in 3580 cases. 16 variations related to localization of the superior frontal sulcus, precentral sulcus, central sulcus, postcentral sulcus and the marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus were identified.
By using functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans, an area in the superior frontal sulcus was identified that is specialized for spatial working memory.
The main signs are: the relative morphologies of the superior frontal sulcus and the precentral sulcus, the hook-shaped aspect of the middle part of the central sulcus, the internal end of the central sulcus projection anteriorly to the pars marginalis, the bifid nature of the internal end of the posterior central sulcus contouring the pars marginalis, and the lesser thickness of the posterior central gyrus compared with the precentral gyrus.
A significant difference in activation level or differential activation between SELF and RAND was found in the posterior part of the superior frontal sulcus, in a part of the premotor cortex on the lateral brain surface, in the anterior cingulate motor cortex, and in the posterior part of the superior parietal cortex.
Execution of both saccadic and pursuit eye movements induced bilateral FEF activation located medially at the junction of the precentral sulcus and the superior frontal sulcus and extending laterally to the precentral gyrus.
We also found additional activation around the superior frontal sulcus..
The mean cortical thickness ratios were as follows: 1.01 for the right hemisphere and 3.01 for the left hemisphere across the precentral sulcus, and 1.03 for the right hemisphere and 0.99 for the left hemisphere across the superior frontal sulcus.
Four regions were activated in all six subjects; the region surrounding the left intraparietal sulcus, the region surrounding the middle part of the left precentral sulcus and the posterior part of the left superior frontal sulcus, the region surrounding the right intraparietal sulcus, and the region surrounding either or both of the left and right cingulate sulci.
The human FEF is thus located either in the vicinity of the precentral sulcus and/or in the depth of the caudalmost part of the superior frontal sulcus.
The repetition of the prelearned saccades sequence led to specific normalized regional cerebral blood flow (NrCBF) increases at the depth of the superior frontal sulcus as well as at the rostral part of the supplementary motor area, whereas at the parietal level an important activation was observed in the intraparietal sulcus extending up to the precuneus.
Location working memory demonstrated significant increases in cRBF, relative to face working memory, in superior and inferior parietal cortex, and in the superior frontal sulcus.
The second category, the principal sulci, were represented by the shorter, named, anatomically consistent sulci such as the superior frontal sulcus.
-
[ View All ]
