Increases in BOLD signal (group analysis, corrected, 0.05, K > or =10) were found mainly in right postcentral gyrus of frontal lobe (BA 2, BA 1, BA 43), left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47), secondarily, in the right inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44), left superior temporal gyrus (BA 22) and right insula (BA 40) after acupuncture at HT7; and chiefly in left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45, BA 46), secondarily in the left middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus (BA 37) as well as the left superior frontal gyrus (BA 10) after acupuncture of S16. 
Group analysis for AVH revealed activation in the right homologue of Broca's area, bilateral insula, bilateral supramarginal gyri and right superior temporal gyrus. Broca's area and left superior temporal gyrus were not activated.
Results: The correlations between age and brain response were more positive in the healthy group than in the schizophrenia group in several regions, including right lateral prefrontal cortex and clusters in midline precuneus and right superior temporal gyrus.
Two-dimensional estimates of plaque and tangle densities were obtained from the superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus of Alzheimer's disease and normal human brains.
Bilateral activations were shown in the cerebellum, superior temporal gyrus, insula, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal lobe, and post-cingulate gyrus.
Specifically, we show that simple geometric forms containing only downward-pointing V-shapes elicit greater activation of the amygdala, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus, as well as extrastriate visual regions, than do presentations of the identical V-shape pointing upward.
The overall effect across tasks and modalities was used to identify seven ROIs, including the left fusiform gyrus (FG), the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), the left ventral inferior frontal gyrus (VIFG), the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), the left dorsal inferior frontal gyrus (DIFG), the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG).
Between-group comparisons revealed less left superior temporal gyrus activation in stutterers during habitual speech and increased right inferior frontal gyrus activation during simulated stuttering relative to nonstutterers.
Other activated areas included prefrontal cortex, Broca's area, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, superior temporal gyrus, insular, basal ganglion, and hippocampus.
Magnetic resonance imaging studies have characterized structural changes in brain morphology, such as ventricular enlargement or volume reduction of the medial temporal structures and the superior temporal gyrus.
The superior temporal gyrus, which contains the auditory cortex, including the planum temporale, is the most consistently altered neocortical structure in schizophrenia (Shenton ME, Dickey CC, Frumin M, McCarley RW.
Magnetoencephalography revealed differential activation between the groups as a function of phonological contrast in left superior temporal gyrus between 200 and 300 ms, suggesting that poor readers may have processed phonologically similar incongruent stimuli as congruent.
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The role of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) or subcortical pathways as possible anatomical correlates of spatial neglect is currently intensely discussed.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate volumes and asymmetry of superior temporal gyrus (STG) and correlate these measures with a neurocognitive evaluation of verbal performance in Williams syndrome (WS) and in a typically developing age-matched and sex-matched group.
The processing of sequential relations additionally activated left medial and middle frontal gyrus, whereas the processing of taxonomic relations activated the left superior temporal gyrus and posterior cingulate..
Cortical changes in schizophrenia were widespread, including particularly the prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus.
Glucose metabolism also increased in the bilateral inferior parietal lobules and in the remaining temporal lobe regions remote from the resected mesial temporal region, such as the superior temporal gyrus and the temporal pole.
Finally, an exploratory analysis of lesions among our neglect patients suggested that top-down task-related influences on neglect, as revealed by the new cancellation experiments here, might potentially depend on right superior temporal gyrus surviving the lesion..
During the PVSAT, the control subjects activated the left inferior parietal lobule, superior temporal gyrus, precuneus, precentral gyrus, and medial and middle frontal gyri; while the precuneus and the inferior parietal lobule gyrus bilaterally, the left precentral and angular gyri and the right superior parietal lobule were activated in the MS group.
The left dorsal frontoparietal network, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and precuneus, and the left superior temporal gyrus also demonstrated significant likelihoods of activation.
The only statistically significant volume difference between groups was observed multivariately in the white matter of the right temporal lobe (superior temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, white-matter stem, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus), although small sample sizes limit the power to detect between-group differences.
Relative to normal controls, schizophrenia patients exhibited gray matter reductions in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right superior temporal gyrus (STG) and right insula.
Activation reductions during the bimodal condition were located in the left superior temporal gyrus and the left posterior insula.
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, differential activation of a bilateral cortical network comprising the inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and premotor cortex was found.
Although no pathogen was identified in four of the five cases, we suggest that the pathophysiology of viral encephalitides may share common targets in the temporal lobes, especially the superior temporal gyrus and surrounding areas, which may account for possibly increased occurrence of auditory auras in this population..
During both olfactory and non-olfactory conditions, we observed higher rCBF in the left piriform cortex and antero-superior temporal gyrus in migraineurs compared with controls. These results could reflect a particular role of both the piriform cortex and antero-superior temporal gyrus in OHS and odour-triggered migraine.
We observed a common network for Movement and Count Go trials in several regions of the brain including the dorsolateral (DLPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices (VLPFC), supplementary motor area (SMA), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), Insula, and superior temporal gyrus (STG).
Using integrated MEG/EEG and MRI data we found that, within a network identified by 40 Hz gamma phase locking, activation in the supramarginal gyrus associated with wordform representation influences phonetic processing in the posterior superior temporal gyrus during a period of time associated with lexical processing.
The SVM also identified a network of regions that had a decrease in BOLD responses during the 100 degrees condition in relation to the 0 degrees condition (posterior cingulate, frontal, and superior temporal gyrus).
In dyslexics, gray matter volumes (as measured by VBM) were reduced in the superior temporal gyrus of both hemispheres.
RESULTS: Three WM tract regions had significantly reduced FA: 1) arcuate fasciculus in left superior temporal gyrus, 2) cingulum bundle by the posterior tail of the left hippocampus, and 3) the left body of the fornix.
There was significant activation in the superior temporal gyrus (STG); inferior frontal gyrus (IFG); and parahippocampal gyrus, including the amygdala, under the bimodal versus the unimodal condition, irrespective of the emotional content.
In this study, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we estimated the influence of 40-Hz auditory stimulation on the coupling between auditory cortex and superior temporal sulcus (STS) and Crus II, using a dynamic causal model of the interactions between medial geniculate nuclei, auditory superior temporal gyrus (STG)/STS, and the cerebellar Crus II auditory region.
Both vocabulary classes elicited spectral power changes in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area) and left posterior-superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's area) within 70-120 Hz. Furthermore, there were ERD in the right posterior-superior temporal gyrus within 120-200 Hz for the open-class words, but not for the closed-class words.
GMV decrease was more widespread in patients with left-sided seizure focus including the left parahippocampal and superior temporal gyrus, frontal regions, cerebellum, and the right cingulum.
RESULTS: For sustained phonation paradigm, superior temporal gyrus area was activated in PD patients, and occipital cortex in PSP subjects in comparison to controls.
With these real data, our recursive algorithm proves able to detect and accurately classify multivoxel spatial patterns, highlighting the role of the superior temporal gyrus in encoding the information of sound categories.
The MdLF seems to extend from the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), specifically the angular gyrus, to the temporal pole remaining within the white matter of the superior temporal gyrus (STG).
The present study examined oscillatory phenomena during a paired-click paradigm in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) as a possible core problem.
These processes were related to different regions of brain activity, including those involved in pitch working memory (right prefrontal cortex) and the long-term representation of pitch (superior temporal gyrus).
In particular, we found a highly significant volume loss in the right superior temporal gyrus. This is the first study to show that psychopathy is associated with a decrease in gray matter in both frontal and temporal brain regions, in particular in the right superior temporal gyrus, supporting the hypothesis that a disturbed frontotemporal network is critically involved in the pathogenesis of psychopathy..
In the superior temporal gyrus (STG), both left and right auditory cortex showed increased activation in the noise conditions relative to quiet, including the middle portion of STG (mSTG).
In the CPS group, thought disorder was significantly related to smaller orbital frontal and inferior frontal gray matter volumes, increased Heschl's gyrus gray matter volumes, and smaller superior temporal gyrus white matter volumes. However, significantly larger orbital frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and temporal lobe gray matter volumes and decreased Heschl's gyrus white matter volumes were associated with thought disorder in the control group.
Relative to placebo, S-ketamine increased activation in the IOR condition in the right superior frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and right midfrontal frontal gyrus.
RESULTS: Restrictive AN patients presented increased [ (18)F]MPPF binding in a selective area of the right cortex including part of the superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, parietal operculum, and temporoparietal junction.
Social cognitive impairments in first episode psychosis were significantly correlated with reduced gray-matter density in the left middle frontal gyrus other regions within the mirror neuron system network (MSN), namely the right supplementary motor cortex, the left superior temporal gyrus and the left inferior parietal lobule.
The contrast between imitation and non-matching actions was associated with activation in areas previously associated with imitation and "mirror neuron" functioning, including insula, intraparietal sulcus, dorsal premotor cortex, and superior temporal gyrus.
The response of the insula and the superior temporal gyrus cortex to disgust faces were negatively correlated with EQ.
RESULTS: The activating areas of acupuncture at Daling (PC 7) were mainly on Brodmann 46/47/44/9 areas of inferior frontal gyrus, Brodmann 6 area of middle frontal gyrus, Brodmann 22 area of superior temporal gyrus and Brodmann 40 area of postcentral gyrus and inferior parietal lobule.
Beta band oscillation activity decreased during deviant stimulation, and the lateralization of the decrease was in good agreement with the Wada test, in the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus in 94% of the subjects and in the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus in 71% of the subjects.
While most regions predominately in the temporal cortex showed an adaptation to both sound categories, particularly the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) selectively adapted to animal vocalizations and tool sounds, respectively.
Emotional versus neutral prosody evoked BOLD responses in right superior temporal gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate, left inferior frontal gyrus, insula and bilateral putamen.
This revealed an elevated response for novel compared with existing words in left superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior frontal and premotor regions, and right cerebellum.
Here we asked whether the superior temporal gyrus, an auditory modality specific area, is involved in processing of auditory timing. A significant decrease in performance accuracy was observed after stimulation of the right superior temporal gyrus, in addition to an increase in response uncertainty as measured by the Just Noticeable Difference.
Positive formal thought disorder is correlated with a "functional" lesion in the superior temporal gyrus, part of Wernickes area.
We found that glutamine synthetase protein expression was significantly decreased in the superior temporal gyrus, and both glutamine synthetase and GFAP were significantly reduced in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia.
In a second and separate ROI analysis we found that peak activation in superior temporal gyrus (STG), Brodmann Areas 41 and 42, was correlated with verbal learning and clinical measures derived from the SCID-II interview.
Further, patients had significantly higher correlations between occipital lingual gyrus and superior temporal gyrus than healthy subjects.
CONCLUSION: Ear plugging in response to simple auditory auras localize to the superior temporal gyrus.
RESULTS: There were positive associations in patients between (i) the ability to recognise experiences as abnormal and the total and right superior temporal gyrus grey matter volumes, (ii), awareness of problems ('something wrong') and the left precuneus grey matter volume and (iii) awareness of symptoms and attributing them to illness and grey matter volumes in the left superior-middle temporal gyrus and the right inferior temporal and lateral parietal gyri.
Rest state was associated with decreased blood flow in the right superior temporal gyrus (BA22), right uncus (BA28), right cingulate gyrus (BA32), left middle temporal gyrus (BA21), and left medial frontal gyrus (BA25).
ROI analysis showed that galactosaemic patients had significant bilateral decreases in cerebral glucose metabolism in the superior temporal gyrus, medial occipital lobe, parietal lobe, cerebellum, calcarine cortex, superior frontal cortex, and superior parietal cortex when compared with controls.
RESULTS: The first factor (depressive mood) was negatively correlated with rCBF in the right insula, posterior cingulate gyrus, and left superior temporal gyrus, and positively correlated with rCBF in the left fusiform gyrus. The third factor (anxiety and psychomotor aspects) was negatively correlated with rCBF in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, and left superior frontal gyrus, and positively correlated with rCBF in the right ligual gyrus and right parahippocampal gyrus.
Here, we used triple-pulse repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to shed light on the precise time course of involvement of the right anterior superior temporal gyrus and the right fronto-parietal operculum. We hypothesized that information would be processed in the right anterior superior temporal gyrus before being processed in the right fronto-parietal operculum. Results showed a significant main effect of Time for right anterior superior temporal gyrus and right fronto-parietal operculum. A further experiment with the inclusion of an active control condition, TMS over the EEG site POz (midline parietal-occipital junction), revealed stronger effects at the fronto-parietal operculum and anterior superior temporal gyrus relative to the active control condition. No evidence was found for sequential processing of emotional prosodic information from right anterior superior temporal gyrus to the right fronto-parietal operculum, but the results revealed more parallel processing. Our results suggest that both right fronto-parietal operculum and right anterior superior temporal gyrus are critical for emotional prosody perception at a relatively late time period after sentence onset.
The fMRI data showed that processing the idiomatic interpretation of idioms and the literal interpretations of literal sentences involved LH regions whereas processing the literal interpretation of idioms was associated with increased activity in right brain regions including the right precuneus, right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), right posterior middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and right anterior superior temporal gyrus (STG).
According to the swLORETA inverse solution, the underlying neural source of this effect was located in the left fusiform gyrus of the occipital lobe (X=-29, Y=-66, Z=-10, BA19) and the right superior temporal gyrus (X=51, Y=6, Z=-5, BA22), which are probably involved in word recognition and semantic representation, respectively.
Among hoarding participants, decisions to keep personal possessions were associated with greater activity in superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, precentral gyrus, and cerebellum than were decisions to discard personal possessions.
The results indicate that, after AV stimulation, the earliest informative activity occurs in right Heschl's gyrus, left primary visual cortex, and the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus, which is known as a region involved in object-related AV integration. Informative activity in the anterior portion of superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, right occipital cortex, and inferior frontal cortex was found at a later latency.
superior temporal gyrus excitatory activity was related to the early epoch, when perception and processing occur, and middle gyrus to the late epoch, when semantic labeling occurs.
Compared with the short-term memory task, sentence comprehension activated the left GFi, including Brodmann areas (BAs) 44, 45, and 47, and the left superior temporal gyrus.
Retrieval and comparison of stimulus duration in WM selectively activated the right superior temporal gyrus.
Interestingly, high working memory capacity comprehenders, who are most likely to generate inferences during story comprehension, showed greater signal increases than did low working memory capacity comprehenders in the right superior temporal gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus.
In three children, who successfully completed the auditory-language task, high-frequency gamma-augmentation sequentially involved: i) the posterior superior temporal gyrus when listening to the question, ii) the posterior lateral temporal region and the posterior frontal region in the time interval between question completion and the patient's vocalization, and iii) the pre- and post-central gyri immediately preceding and during the patient's vocalization. The youngest child, with attention deficits, failed to cooperate during the auditory-language task, and high-frequency gamma-augmentation was noted only in the posterior superior temporal gyrus when audible questions were given.
Veterans with PTSD revealed reduced cortical thickness in the bilateral superior and middle frontal gyri, the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the left superior temporal gyrus.
BACKGROUND: The superior temporal gyrus (STG), which encompasses the primary auditory cortex, is believed to be a major anatomical substrate for speech, language and communication. RESULTS: To identify altered mRNA expression in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in schizophrenia, oligonucleotide microarrays were used with RNA from postmortem STG tissue from 7 individuals with schizophrenia and 7 matched non-psychiatric controls.
This study examined the extent to which a VBM measure of gray matter asymmetry in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) characterized the same individual variation as a manual measure of planum temporale asymmetry in 99 healthy adults and 39 typically developing children.
Secondly, in a voxel-based morphometric study, we obtained a significant decreased gray matter concentration in the insula (bilateral), superior temporal gyrus (bilateral), and amygdala (left) in patients compared to healthy subjects.
The fMRI results demonstrated that two regions in the left superior temporal gyrus responded more strongly to the first syllable than both to the non-verbal sound of the chime and to the non-first syllable. These results suggest that two regions in the left superior temporal gyrus may play a crucial role in the transmission from the lexical-semantic to the lexical-phonological stage in the name recall processes..
Dipole analysis localized the generator of P200-600 in the left superior temporal gyrus and parietotemporo-occipital cortex areas.
Activation of the posterior superior temporal sulcus/superior temporal gyrus region was found in both hemispheres during recognition of transitive and intransitive gestures, and in the right hemisphere during the control condition; the middle temporal gyrus showed activation in the left hemisphere when subjects recognized transitive and intransitive gestures; activation of the left inferior parietal lobe and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) was mainly observed in the left hemisphere during recognition of the three conditions.
In the reverse comparison significant differences were observed within the left inferior parietal lobule, the left superior temporal gyrus, and the left temporal transverse gyrus.
During extraretinal SPEM, additional engagement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, angular gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus occurs.
However, irrespective of ethnicity, Chinese speakers (both Asian and European) also show highly significant increased grey matter density in two right hemisphere regions (the superior temporal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus). They also show increased grey matter density in two left hemisphere regions (middle temporal and superior temporal gyrus).
Additional structures showing differential increases were the left superior temporal gyrus, the midbrain, and the pons.
Further, the left superior temporal gyrus/sulcus showed stronger activity when speech was accompanied by beat gesture than when speech was accompanied by nonsense hand movement.
In addition, source analyses revealed a specific involvement of the superior temporal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule during processing of mid-value offers compared to offers categorized clearly as fair or unfair, suggesting a contribution of mentalizing about the intention of the proposer to the decision making process.
For pattern changes, we found adaptation effects within the bilateral superior temporal lobe, in particular along the superior temporal gyrus (STG), PT and posterior STS, the bilateral anterior insula and inferior frontal areas.
Expression profiling of the superior temporal gyrus of six autistic subjects and matched controls revealed increased transcript levels of many immune system-related genes.
Compared to controls, the XXY group showed reduced hemispheric specialization for language, which was due to decreased functional asymmetry in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the supramarginal gyrus (part of Wernicke's area). Moreover, reduced hemispheric specialization for language processing in the superior temporal gyrus may have important consequences for mental functioning, as it was associated with disorganization of thought and language as seen in the schizophrenia spectrum..
Once BOLD activation maps were obtained, the effective connectivity between primary auditory cortex and the surrounding auditory regions on the supratemporal plane and superior temporal gyrus (STG) were investigated using Granger causality mapping (GCM).
Distributed source models estimated cortical activation within two regions of interest in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and one in the inferior frontal gyrus.
Impairments in phonological processing have been associated with damage to the region of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), but the extent to which this area supports phonological processing, independent of semantic processing, is less clear.
We hypothesized that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), superior temporal gyrus (STG), and anterior insula may be involved in audio-vocal integration due to their functional roles during singing and their anatomical connectivity.
A study of the magnetic properties of superior temporal gyrus brain tissue from 11 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 11 age-matched control subjects demonstrates an exponential correlation between the concentrations of the Fe;{2+}-ion-containing iron oxide, magnetite (Fe{3}O{4}), and the fraction of those particles that are smaller than 20 nm in diameter.
Key regions commonly found to be impaired in antisocial populations include the prefrontal cortex (particularly orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), superior temporal gyrus, amygdala-hippocampal complex, and anterior cingulate cortex.
With regard to the temporal cortex, it is shown that structure and function of the right superior temporal gyrus is disturbed in psychopathy, supporting a neurobiological approach to psychopathy, in which structure and function of the right STG may be important..
Data in the literature report a reduction in prefrontal gray matter volume, gray matter loss in the right superior temporal gyrus, amygdala volume loss, a decrease in posterior hippocampal volume, an exaggerated structural hippocampal asymmetry, and an increase in callosal white matter volume in psychopathic individuals.
In this study, we sought to determine: 1) if patients with schizophrenia elicit a decreased P300 current source density in brain areas, such as the superior temporal gyrus (STG); 2) if decreased P300 generator density in the left STG is recovered by treatment with the most widely-used antipsychotic drug olanzapine; and 3) if the recovery of P300 source density is associated with improvements of cognitive and functional status.
Crucially, however, in comparison with hard-to-name colored squares, perceptual discrimination of easy-to-name colors evoked stronger activation in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule, two regions responsible for word-finding processes, as demonstrated by a localizer experiment that uses an explicit color patch naming task.
OBJECTIVE: Available evidence suggests tinnitus arises from excessive spontaneous activity in the left superior temporal gyrus, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may suppress this activity.
RESULTS: No association between amygdala activation and positive symptoms was found; the activation within the left superior temporal gyrus was negatively associated with the negative symptoms of the patients.
We detected significant reduction of GM in the inferior frontal gyrus, the medial frontal gyrus, the insula, the cingulate gyrus, and the superior temporal gyrus of OCD patients.
The neuroimaging revealed cortical ectopias in the cingulum, the visual cortex, in the middle part of the superior temporal gyrus, in the frontal pole as well as in the middle area of precentral gyrus.
Experiment 2 showed that despite non-significant differences in learning and memory performance, cannabis users had significantly lower levels of BOLD activity in the right superior temporal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus compared to controls during learning.
Using the AdSAM response as a model for the fMRI image analysis, we showed bilateral activations in the inferior frontal gyri and middle temporal gyri associated with the difference on the pleasure dimension, and activations in the right superior temporal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus associated with the difference on the arousal dimension.
Recent studies suggest that the left superior temporal gyrus and sulcus (LSTG/S) play a role in speech perception, although the precise function of these areas remains unclear.
The arcuate was divided into 2 segments with different hypothesized functions, one terminating in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) and another terminating in the middle temporal gyrus (MTG).
In contrast, implicit semantic processing tasks have shown activation in posterior areas including the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) with less consistent activation in the IFG.
Conversely, we found greater sustained activity in the left superior temporal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus during the category task compared to the location task.
Additional activations of the right premotor cortex and right superior temporal gyrus were found at 3.0 T.
The functional neuroanatomy of language in the adult brain separates semantic and syntactic processes in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and in the inferior frontal cortex.
Poorer performance on verbal fluency correlated with decreased [ 11C]-flumazenil binding in a region including the right inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and anterior insula.
RESULTS: Phonological representations of unattended pictures could be detected in the posterior superior temporal gyrus, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the insula.
The auditory cortex of nonhuman primates is comprised of a constellation of at least twelve interconnected areas distributed across three major regions on the superior temporal gyrus: core, belt, and parabelt.
The neural correlate of gaze processing is situated in the superior temporal sulcus (STS), a major portion of which is constituted by the superior temporal gyrus (STG), and may be the underlying dysfunctional neural basis to the abnormal gaze sensitivity in schizophrenia.
The most marked leftward interhemispheric asymmetry of the human and great ape brain is present in a multisensory association area of the superior temporal gyrus.
These regions include the parahippocampal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, anterior temporal poles, and the temporal-parietal junction.
Contrastive analysis with a tone discrimination task demonstrated left superior temporal gyrus activation in all three VOT conditions with recruitment of additional regions, particularly the right inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus for the 15-ms between-category stimuli.
The results, based on the estimation of the intraclass correlation coefficient, functional probability maps as well as on laterality maps, showed consistent activation in the right and left superior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and right inferior temporal gyrus, thus replicating previous results with visual display and motor response DL paradigms.
Low birthweight was associated with reduced grey matter density (GMD) in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) bilaterally, left inferior temporal gyrus and left insula.
Neuropathological findings demonstrated the most severe atrophy in the left superior temporal gyrus and Gallyas-Braak-positive or phosphorylated tau-immunoreactive cytoskeletal structures, which were consistent with corticobasal degeneration (CBD).
These findings, including enlargement of the lateral ventricles, undersized superior temporal gyrus, and prefrontal abnormalities, are supported with neuropathological studies of schizophrenia.
Unsurprisingly, peak activation strength of evoked responses was larger for famous versus nonfamous names within the superior temporal gyrus (STG), and was similar for famous and nonfamous faces in the occipital cortex.
Averaged auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) to bilaterally presented 100 Hz click trains were recorded from multiple sites simultaneously within Heschl's gyrus (HG) and on the posterolateral surface of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in epilepsy-surgery patients.
In a bilateral region consistent with the posterior superior temporal gyrus there was an inverse relationship between deoxyhemoglobin concentration change and stimulus frequency: greatest at 2 Hz, intermediate at 10 Hz, and smallest at 35 Hz.
Analysis of global microRNA (miRNA) expression in postmortem cortical grey matter from the superior temporal gyrus, revealed significant up-regulation of miR-181b expression in schizophrenia.
RESULTS: In comparison with controls, migraineurs presented a significant focal gray matter reduction in the Right superior temporal gyrus, Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus, and Left Precentral Gyrus.
There was a significant decrease in gray matter volume in patients with schizophrenia in left supplementary motor area, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, right opercular area, left angular gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus and left cerebellar hemisphere.
Increased left superior temporal gyrus activation was also found in the HRD+ group versus the HRD- group.
Thirst-related activation was evident in S1/M1, prefrontal cortex, anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC), premotor cortex, and superior temporal gyrus in both groups.
During repetition of WL+ and WL- nonwords, AD patients showed decreased activity in the middle part of the superior temporal gyrus, presumably associated with sublexical phonological information; at the same time, AD patients showed larger activation than controls in the inferior temporal gyrus, typically associated with lexicosemantic levels of representation.
Physiologically, synchrony did not influence S1 activation; however, the insula and superior temporal gyrus were influenced regardless of tracking modality. The superior parietal lobe and superior temporal gyrus demonstrated increased activation during low synchrony specific to visuospatial tracking.
CCK-4-induced anxiety was accompanied by a strong and robust activation (random effects analysis, P < 0.00001, uncorrected for multiple testing) in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), middle and superior frontal gyrus, precuneus, middle and superior temporal gyrus, occipital lobe, sublobar areas, cerebellum, and brainstem.
RESULTS: Significant positive correlations were found between each language task and regional brain volumes: (1) naming and the bilateral temporal lobes; (2) sentence repetition and the left posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus; (3) sentence comprehension and the left dorsal middle and inferior frontal gyri; and (4) fluency of language production and the left ventral middle and inferior frontal gyri.
Intrinsic (anatomical) connections were strongest from primary cortical regions to unimodal association areas - from Heschl's gyrus to superior temporal gyrus for the auditory spelling task and from calcarine to fusiform gyrus for the visual spelling task. The modulatory (experimental) effect for the visual spelling task from calcarine to superior temporal gyrus was stronger than all other effects from calcarine and this effect showed a developmental increase, suggesting automatic activation of phonology that increased with age.
It is connected with the rostral superior temporal gyrus (STGr) and the dorsal bank of the superior temporal sulcus (STSd).
The superior temporal gyrus (STG) is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, particularly with regards to auditory hallucinations.
The right superior temporal gyrus (BA 22) and the left superior parietal lobe (BA 7) showed greatest significant differences in direction of slope with CR and activation between controls and AD cases.
In the correlation between brain perfusion and a cognitive score, the significant cluster was more significant and far more extended, also including the right superior temporal gyrus, using the customized [ (99m)Tc]ECD template than using the default [ (99m)Tc]HMPAO template.
INTERVENTIONS: Surgical implantation of an investigational epidural electrode over the posterior superior temporal gyrus using functional magnetic resonance imaging targeting.
Other brain regions showing increased postsurgical activity were the contralateral parietal cortex, bilateral pulvinar and ipsilateral medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus, contralateral putamen, contralateral superior temporal gyrus, ipsilateral fusiform gyrus, ipsilateral posterior lobe, and contralateral anterior cerebellar lobe.
A decreased rCBF was observed in the left supramarginal gyrus, the superior temporal gyrus, the middle and inferior frontal gyri, and the medial dorsal and anterior nuclei of the left thalamus.
Recent neuroimaging advances have enabled us to find structural volume reduction in cortical structures, including the superior temporal gyrus which is associated with auditory information processing and language.
Affective bursts elicited activation of anterior left superior temporal gyrus.
Regional brain activation during the language task was measured in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), and the regional inter-hemispheric lateralization index (LI) was calculated.
Explicit processing revealed activation in the right posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), the right supramarginal gyrus, and the right parietal operculum.
Here, we compared the capacity of neurons in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) to code the identity of an auditory stimulus; these two areas are part of a ventral processing stream for auditory-stimulus identity.
Women exhibited greater cue reactivity than men in regions including the cuneus and left superior temporal gyrus.
An out-of-body experience was repeatedly elicited during stimulation of the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus on the right side in a patient in whom electrodes had been implanted to suppress tinnitus. Positron-emission tomographic scanning showed brain activation at the temporoparietal junction--more specifically, at the angular-supramarginal gyrus junction and the superior temporal gyrus-sulcus on the right side.
A total of 345 genes were identified as differentially expressed between superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the remaining cerebral cortex.
The following brain regions were significantly activated in the positive condition relative to the control condition: medial prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, subcallosal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and cerebellum.
Hemodynamic responses in right mid superior temporal gyrus (STG) were significantly stronger for all emotional than for neutral intonations.
The fibers coursing through the extreme capsule originating in areas 10 and 9 continue as part of the white matter of the superior temporal gyrus (i.e., the middle longitudinal fasciculus) to target the midportion of the superior temporal gyrus (areas TAa, TS2, and TS3) and adjacent multisensory area TPO within the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus.
RESULTS: Blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) 3-Tesla fMRI revealed significantly more activity for the short verbal condition compared to the short non-verbal condition in bilateral superior temporal gyrus, insula and supramarginal gyrus.
During reading aloud of letters, that is clearly the task most similar to natural reading conditions, significant electrical and hemodynamic response was observed in the left medial frontal gyrus (BA 6) and left middle temporal gyrus (BA 22/39) just before articulation and in the bilateral middle superior temporal gyrus (BA 22/37) during and after verbal-motor production. These results indicate that the middle-superior temporal gyrus plays a crucial and multifunctional role in grapheme-phoneme matching..
RESULTS: Significantly increased size of the caudate nucleus and decreased size of the posterior cerebellar vermis, amygdala, and superior temporal gyrus were present in the fragile X group. A receiver operating characteristic analysis identified the combination of a large caudate with small posterior cerebellar vermis, amygdala, and superior temporal gyrus as distinguishing children with fragile X from control subjects with a high level of sensitivity and specificity.
This could be explained by a rather large improvement of the SR group with below average resection sizes in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) (<2.8 cm), which small resections are nearly absent in TR resections.
The second pattern strongly weighted regions contributing a repetition suppression effect for the familiar objects and repetition enhancement for the unfamiliar objects, particularly the posterior insula, superior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and cingulate cortex.
Direct comparisons between conditions revealed significantly greater responses to nonvocal sounds and tones than to vocal sounds in a number of brain regions including superior temporal gyrus/sulcus, medial frontal cortex and right lateral cerebellum.
The GLM showed increasing activations with increasing linguistic demands dominantly in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the left superior temporal gyrus (STG).
The original study is based on 50 MR volumes in which an expert identified the brain tissue classes as well as the superior temporal gyrus, amygdala, and hippocampus. The results of our analysis are similar to the original findings, except for one structure (the left superior temporal gyrus) in which a trend-level statistical significance (p = 0.07) was observed instead of statistical significance..
Multiple dipole source modeling revealed the right lateral Heschl's gyrus and the bilateral superior temporal gyrus as sites of adaptation. We observed cross-adaptation effects for the P2m component within bilateral superior temporal gyrus.
In musicians, the inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule and anterior cingulate respond with progressively more activation to perfect consonances, imperfect consonances and dissonances.
Moreover, fluency and flexibility strongly correlated with CBF in left inferior frontal gyrus and originality correlated with CBF in left superior temporal gyrus and cerebellar tonsil.
Our results show a developmental increase in activation in the dorsal part of left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), accompanied by a decrease in the dorsal part of left superior temporal gyrus (STG).
Humans have social intelligence thought to be related to a network connected to amygdala, the orbito-frontal cortex, and the superior temporal gyrus.
The 22q11.2DS subjects showed greater longitudinal increase in cranial and cerebellar white matter, superior temporal gyrus, and caudate nucleus volumes.
Treatment effects on PTSD symptoms correlated positively with activation in the left superior temporal gyrus, and superior/middle frontal gyrus.
White matter deficits were observed adjacent to the left superior temporal gyrus, in the right internal capsule and inferior longitudinal fasciculus.
Some of these studies have related specific alterations to the genesis of auditory hallucinations, particularly in the left superior temporal gyrus, but none has analysed the relationship between morphometric data and a specific scale for auditory hallucinations.
Despite these decreases older adults showed increased activity in right VLPFC and left superior temporal gyrus (STG) for subsequent true memories.
Recent MRI studies have indicated that regions of the temporal lobe including the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the temporal stem (TS) appear to be abnormal in autism.
Peaks of gamma-band activations were then observed for word-like stimuli after 400 ms in the anterior and middle portion of the superior temporal gyrus (BA 38 and BA 22 respectively), in the pars triangularis of Broca's area for the semantic task (BAs 45 and 47), and in the pars opercularis for the phonological task (BA 44).
Notable blood oxygenation level-dependent responses were clustered mainly in the superior temporal gyrus and transverse temporal gyrus of both hemispheres during right and left ear stimulation.
Feedback networks were found during a narrative processing task and involved effective connectivity from Broca's area and the medial aspect of the superior frontal gyrus to the posterior aspects of the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally. The effective connectivity from Broca's area to the superior temporal gyrus in the left hemisphere was shown to increase with age.
Based on shared architectonic features, the auditory cortex in human and monkey is organized into three lines: areas in the cortex of the circular sulcus (root), areas on the supratemporal plane (core), and areas on the superior temporal gyrus (belt).
The medial network has outputs to the hypothalamus and brain stem and connects to a cortical circuit that includes the rostral part of the superior temporal gyrus and dorsal bank of the superior temporal sulcus, the cingulate and retrosplenial cortex, the entorhinal and posterior parahippocampal cortex, and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex..
Furthermore, compared to the non-hallucination group, left Wernicke's area, including supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus and superior temporal gyrus, was significantly activated by both left and right-sided voices in the hallucination group.
We also apply these methods to a real data set obtained from an auditory experiment and illustrate their applicability to realistic data by presenting the reconstructed source images localized in the superior temporal gyrus..
This behavioural gain was paralleled by enhanced activation in bilateral posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) and right thalamus, when contrasting audiovisual to auditory and visual conditions.
The absence of VASO activation for auditory stimulation and evidence of activation-induced decreases in CSF volume fraction around the insula and superior temporal gyrus support the possibility of a Deltax(c) contribution to the VASO signal.
For highly familiar semantically congruent AV pairings, we again found AV integration effects in pSTS and additionally in superior temporal gyrus.
The rTMS decreased the brain metabolism in the left superior temporal gyrus and in interconnected regions, and effected increases in the contralateral cortex and in the frontal lobes.
Increased mean diffusivity (MD) was found bilaterally in the motor cortex, the ventrolateral premotor cortex/insula, the hippocampal formations and the right superior temporal gyrus, which did not correlate with the ALSFRS-R.
Bone flap is sawed out usually using three burr holes, at the key hole just at the proximal part of the linea temporalis, frontomedially on the squama frontalis and on the sutura squamosa, so that the Sylvian fissure and the superior temporal gyrus are exposed enough for further procedure. The dura is opened in a curvilinear fashion so that the dura can be reflected over the drilled sphenoid wing and so that the Sylvian fissure and the superior temporal gyrus is exposed for the treatment of aneurysms of the internal carotid artery ICA, of the anterior communicating artery AcomA and the middle cerebral artery MCA. (3) Middle cerebral artery MCA aneurysms; (a) For dissection, superior temporal gyrus ablation is not necessary but opening of the Sylvian fissure by retrograde tracing of a cortical artery on the surface of the temporal lobe.
Previous studies revealed that posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) responds to acoustic scale in human speech when it is controlled for spectral-envelope change (unpublished data).
The most consistently identified regions include areas of the anterior cingulate, dorsolateral, medial and inferior prefrontal cortex, insula, superior temporal gyrus, basal ganglia and cerebellum.
Sentences with 2 IPBs both in normal and hummed speech activated the middle superior temporal gyrus, the rolandic operculum, and the gyrus of Heschl more strongly than sentences with 1 IPB.
VBM revealed a conspicuous pattern of altered brain morphology in the right superior temporal gyrus (decrease in grey matter), the left posterior thalamus (decrease in grey matter), in the left orbitofrontal cortex (increase in grey matter), left cerebellum (increase in grey matter) and in the striatum bilaterally (increase in grey matter).
It has been reported that volume reductions in the amygdala, hippocampus, superior temporal gyrus, and anterior parietal cortex common to both patient groups may represent the vulnerability to schizophrenia, while volume loss of the prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, cingulate, insula, and fusiform cortex preferentially observed in schizophrenia may be critical for overt manifestation of psychosis (Dr.
In the control group, areas which showed signal activation were: bilateral frontal lobe, postcentral gyrus, Reil's island lobe, primary somato-sensory cortex, cingulate gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, occipital cuneiform gyrus and/or precuneus gyrus and right brainstem; and the area that showed deactivation was left median frontal lobe.
Relative to nonapathetic AD patients, apathetic AD patients had lower perfusion in 2 ROIs (right orbitofrontal cortex and left anterior cingulate) and higher perfusion in 5 ROIs (right and left hippocampi, left medial superior temporal gyrus, and right and left middle medial temporal cortex).
fMRI showed that robust t-VNS induced BOLD-signal decreases in limbic brain areas, including the amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and the middle and superior temporal gyrus.
Compared with controls, imaginary movement of the affected hand in patients showed reduced activation ipsilaterally in the premotor and adjacent prefrontal cortex, and in a cluster comprising frontal operculum, the anterior part of the insular cortex and the superior temporal gyrus.
RESULTS: Reduced activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and right superior temporal gyrus was observed in children with ASD relative to TD children during the perception of potentially ironic vs control scenarios.
The BPRS Total score was negatively correlated with the P300 current density in the left superior temporal gyrus (r=-0.615, corrected p=0.009) and that in the right medial frontal region (r=-0.571, corrected p=0.019) by means of SPM single-subject covariates model. A subsequent region-of-interest analysis of Pearson correlations revealed specific relationships between the Positive subscale score and the mean current density in the left superior temporal gyrus (r=-0.528, p=0.005) and between the Negative subscale score and the mean current densities in the medial frontal region (r=-0.551, p=0.003) and left superior temporal gyrus (r=-0.499, p=0.009).
Novelty response bias was associated with amygdala and prefrontal cortex activity, whereas familiarity bias correlated with superior temporal gyrus activation.
Reduced activation occurred in the anterior and posterior regions of the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG), but mainly in the posterior part of the left STG.
Specifically, the group with progressive white matter abnormalities showed greater increase in the right inferior temporal gyrus/fusiform gyrus, right anterior cingulate, and the rostral aspect of the left superior temporal gyrus.
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